Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'textbook'

English Word: textbook

Key Russian Translations:

• учебник [ʊˈt͡ɕebnʲɪk] - [Formal, Singular; Used in educational contexts]
• книга по учебной программе [ˈknʲigə pə ʊˈt͡ɕebnəj prəˈɡramʲe] - [Informal, Descriptive; Used when emphasizing the curriculum]

Frequency: Medium (Commonly encountered in educational and academic discussions, but not everyday casual conversation)

Difficulty: A1 (Beginner level; Straightforward vocabulary for new learners of Russian)

Pronunciation (Russian):

учебник: [ʊˈt͡ɕebnʲɪk]

Note on учебник: The stress is on the second syllable. The 'ч' sound is a palatalized 'ch' as in 'church', which can be tricky for English speakers; practice with native audio for accuracy.

Audio: []

книга по учебной программе: [ˈknʲigə pə ʊˈt͡ɕebnəj prəˈɡramʲe]

Note on книга по учебной программе: This phrase has multiple syllables with varying stress; focus on the rolling 'р' in 'программе' for natural pronunciation.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: A book designed for teaching or learning a specific subject.

Translation(s) & Context:

• учебник - Used in formal educational settings, such as schools or universities, to refer to a standard textbook.
• книга по учебной программе - Applied in more descriptive contexts, like discussing course materials or self-study guides.

Usage Examples:

• Я купил новый учебник по истории. (Ya kupil novyy uchebnik po istorii.)

  I bought a new textbook on history. (This example shows the word in a simple declarative sentence, common in everyday shopping or school-related conversations.)

• Эта книга по учебной программе очень полезная для студентов. (Eta kniga po uchebnoy programme ochen' poleznaya dlya studentov.)

  This textbook is very useful for students. (Demonstrates the phrase in a positive recommendation context, highlighting its role in academic success.)

• Учебник лежит на столе, но я ещё не начал читать. (Uchebnik lezhit na stole, no ya yeshche ne nachal chitat'.)

  The textbook is on the table, but I haven't started reading it yet. (Illustrates the noun in a present-tense scenario, showing possession and procrastination.)

• В библиотеке есть несколько книг по учебной программе математики. (V biblioteke est' neskol'ko knig po uchebnoy programme matematiki.)

  In the library, there are several textbooks on the mathematics curriculum. (This shows the phrase in a plural, institutional context, emphasizing availability.)

• Мой учебник по русскому языку полон интересных упражнений. (Moy uchebnik po russkomu yazyku polon interesnykh uprazhneniy.)

  My textbook on the Russian language is full of interesting exercises. (Exemplifies possessive use and application in language learning, with a meta-reference.)

Secondary Meaning: A comprehensive manual or guide (in a broader sense, e.g., instructional material).

Translation(s) & Context:

• учебник - Less common, but used metaphorically for self-help or professional guides.

Usage Examples:

• Этот учебник по фотографии помог мне освоить технику. (Etot uchebnik po fotografii pomog mne osvoit' tekhniku.)

  This textbook on photography helped me master the technique. (Shows metaphorical extension in a hobbyist context.)

• Книга по учебной программе для бизнеса – отличный учебник. (Kniga po uchebnoy programme dlya biznesa – otlichnyy uchebnik.)

  The book on the business curriculum is an excellent textbook. (Highlights evaluative language in professional development.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Учебник" is a masculine noun in Russian, which follows the standard second declension pattern. It inflects based on case and number. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

For "книга по учебной программе", "книга" is a feminine noun and inflects similarly, but the full phrase doesn't inflect as a unit. It remains relatively stable in most contexts.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • пособие (posobie) - A study aid or manual; often used interchangeably but implies more supplementary material.
  • руководство (rukovodstvo) - A guide or handbook; suitable for instructional contexts with a slight formal tone.
• Antonyms:
  • роман (roman) - A novel; contrasts as entertainment rather than educational material.
  • журнал (zhurnal) - A magazine; implies periodic, non-systematic reading.

Related Phrases:

• Учебник для начинающих (Uchebnik dlya nachinayushchikh) - A beginner's textbook; Used for introductory courses.
• Школьный учебник (Shkol'nyy uchebnik) - School textbook; Common in K-12 education contexts.
• Электронный учебник (Elektronnyy uchebnik) - E-textbook; Refers to digital versions in modern learning.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "учебник" directly corresponds to the English "textbook" in educational settings, but it's more formal and specific to structured learning. Choose "учебник" for academic contexts and "книга по учебной программе" for broader or descriptive uses. Be mindful of case agreements; for example, it must agree with adjectives or prepositions in sentences. English learners should note that Russian nouns like this require gender and case awareness, which can affect verb agreements.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "учебник" in the wrong case, e.g., saying "Я читаю учебник" when it should be "Я читаю учебник" (correct), but mistakenly using genitive in accusative contexts.

  Correct: Я читаю учебник. (I am reading the textbook.)

  Explanation: Russian requires accusative for direct objects; incorrect use can confuse native speakers.

• Error: Confusing with "книга" alone, leading to ambiguity, e.g., saying "Эта книга" instead of "Этот учебник" for specificity.

  Correct: Используйте "учебник" для точности. (Use "учебник" for precision.)

  Explanation: "Книга" means any book, so it doesn't convey the educational purpose; this can dilute the meaning in context.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, textbooks like "учебник" hold significant importance in the education system, often standardized by the government for uniformity across schools. This reflects Russia's emphasis on structured learning and national curriculum, dating back to Soviet times, where education was seen as a tool for societal progress.

Related Concepts:

• лекция (lektsiya)
• экзамен (ekzamen)
• курс (kurs)