Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'taxes'

English Word: taxes

Key Russian Translations:

• налоги [nɐˈlogʲɪ] - [Formal, Plural, Used in official and financial contexts]

Frequency: High (Commonly used in everyday discussions about finance, government, and economics in Russian-speaking countries).

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; Learners need to understand basic noun declensions and plural forms, as per CEFR standards).

Pronunciation (Russian):

налоги: [nɐˈlogʲɪ]

Note on налоги: The stress falls on the second syllable ("lo"), and the "г" is pronounced as a voiced velar fricative. Pay attention to the soft sign (й) affecting the preceding consonant.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Money paid to the government by individuals or businesses, often based on income, purchases, or property.

Translation(s) & Context:

• налоги - Typically used in formal contexts such as legal documents, financial reports, or government discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Каждый гражданин должен платить налоги в срок.

  Every citizen must pay taxes on time.

• Повышение налогов может повлиять на экономику страны.

  Increasing taxes could affect the country's economy.

• Налоги на недвижимость часто вызывают споры среди владельцев.

  Taxes on real estate often spark debates among owners.

• Правительство использует налоги для финансирования общественных услуг.

  The government uses taxes to fund public services.

• Из-за пандемии многие люди столкнулись с проблемами уплаты налогов.

  Due to the pandemic, many people faced issues with paying taxes.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Налоги" is a plural noun in Russian (from the singular "налог"), belonging to the second declension. It follows standard plural noun patterns with changes in cases. Below is a table of its declensions:

Note: The word is invariant in terms of gender (neuter) but changes with case as shown. For beginners, focus on nominative and genitive for basic usage.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • подати (podaTi) - An older or more archaic term, often used in historical contexts.
  • сборы (sborý) - Refers specifically to fees or collections, with a slight nuance of mandatory payments.
• Antonyms:
  • льготы (lgoty) - Exemptions or benefits, implying reductions in financial obligations.
  • возмещения (vozmeshchéniya) - Refunds or compensations, opposite in the context of financial outflows.

Related Phrases:

• налоговый кодекс - Tax code; Refers to the set of laws governing taxation.
• уплата налогов - Payment of taxes; Common in financial discussions.
• налоговые льготы - Tax benefits; Used for incentives or deductions.
• налоговое бремя - Tax burden; Describes the overall impact on individuals or businesses.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "налоги" directly corresponds to the English "taxes" as a plural noun and is used in formal contexts like official documents or news. It is always plural in common usage, unlike the singular "налог," which might refer to a specific tax. Be mindful of case changes; for example, use genitive "налогов" after prepositions like "из" (from). When choosing between translations, "налоги" is the most neutral and widely applicable, while "сборы" might imply voluntary contributions. In spoken language, it's often paired with verbs like "платить" (to pay) or "увеличивать" (to increase).

Common Errors:

• Confusing singular and plural: Learners might use "налог" when "налоги" is needed for general taxes. Correct: "Налоги важны для экономики" (Taxes are important for the economy). Error: "Налог важны" (Incorrect plural agreement).

• Incorrect case usage: Forgetting to change cases, e.g., saying "платить налоги" (correct accusative) but mistakenly using "платить налогах." Correct: "Проблемы с налогами" (Problems with taxes, genitive). Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, which English lacks.

• Overgeneralizing synonyms: Mistaking "сборы" for "налоги" in formal contexts, leading to imprecise meaning. Correct: Use "налоги" for government-mandated payments.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and society, "налоги" often carry connotations of state control and economic policy, influenced by historical contexts like the Soviet era's centralized economy. Discussions about taxes can be sensitive, reflecting broader themes of government transparency and citizen rights, especially in post-Soviet states where tax reforms have been a major issue.

Related Concepts:

• финансы (finances)
• бюджет (budget)
• экономика (economy)
• государство (state)