Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'syndrome'

English Word: syndrome

Key Russian Translations:

• синдром [ˈsʲindrom] - [Formal, Medical Context]

Frequency: Medium (Common in medical and scientific discussions, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of medical terminology and basic noun declensions in Russian)

Pronunciation (Russian):

синдром: [ˈsʲindrom]

Note on синдром: The initial "с" is pronounced as a soft "s" sound [sʲ], which can be challenging for English speakers. The stress is on the first syllable.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: A group of symptoms that occur together and characterize a specific disease or condition (Medical Context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• синдром - Used in formal medical or psychological discussions, such as describing clinical conditions in healthcare settings.

Usage Examples:

• У него диагностирован посттравматический синдром.

  He has been diagnosed with post-traumatic syndrome.

• Этот синдром часто встречается у пациентов с хроническими заболеваниями.

  This syndrome is often found in patients with chronic illnesses.

• Врачи изучают причины синдрома Дауна.

  Doctors are studying the causes of Down syndrome.

• Синдром выгорания становится распространенной проблемой в современном обществе.

  Burnout syndrome is becoming a widespread issue in modern society.

• Лечение синдрома требует комплексного подхода.

  Treating the syndrome requires a comprehensive approach.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Синдром" is a masculine noun in Russian and follows the standard declension patterns for third-declension nouns. It is borrowed from Greek via Latin and does not have irregular forms, but it declines based on case and number.

Note: This noun does not change in gender and is invariable in its stem, making it straightforward for learners once basic declensions are mastered.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: комплекс симптомов (complex of symptoms) - Often used interchangeably in descriptive contexts; синдром and комплекс симптомов have similar meanings but the latter is more explanatory.
• Antonyms: здоровье (health) - Refers to the opposite state of well-being, highlighting absence of symptoms.

Related Phrases:

• Посттравматический синдром - Post-traumatic stress disorder; commonly used in psychological contexts to describe long-term effects of trauma.
• Синдром выгорания - Burnout syndrome; refers to emotional exhaustion from prolonged stress, often in professional settings.
• Метаболический синдром - Metabolic syndrome; a phrase used in medical discussions for a cluster of conditions increasing health risks.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "синдром" directly corresponds to the English "syndrome" and is primarily used in formal, scientific, or medical contexts. It is a neuter noun that requires agreement in gender, number, and case with accompanying adjectives or verbs. For English speakers, note that Russian medical terminology often borrows from international sources, so "синдром" is widely recognized. When choosing between translations, use "синдром" for precise clinical descriptions; avoid it in casual conversation where more general terms might suffice. Be mindful of context: in everyday Russian, people might opt for descriptive phrases instead of direct borrowings.

Common Errors:

• Error: Incorrectly declining the noun, e.g., using "синдрома" in the nominative case instead of genitive. Correct: In a sentence like "Причины синдрома" (The causes of the syndrome), ensure proper case usage.

  Wrong example: "Я изучаю синдром" (if genitive is needed). Right example: "Я изучаю причины синдрома". Explanation: Russian requires nouns to change based on case, which English speakers often overlook.

• Error: Using it without context, leading to confusion with similar terms. Correct: Specify the type, e.g., "посттравматический синдром" instead of just "синдром". Explanation: In Russian, precision is key in medical discussions to avoid ambiguity.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and language, terms like "синдром" are heavily influenced by Soviet-era medical advancements and international collaborations. For instance, discussions around syndromes such as "синдром Дауна" (Down syndrome) often carry a historical sensitivity due to past stigmatization in Russian society. Understanding these terms can help English learners appreciate the intersection of language and healthcare in Russian contexts, where preventive medicine and psychological well-being have gained prominence in recent years.

Related Concepts:

• симптом (symptom)
• заболевание (disease)
• психическое расстройство (mental disorder)