Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'sublimate'

English Word: sublimate

Key Russian Translations:

• сублимировать [suˈblʲimʲirəvətʲ] - [Formal, Verb; Used in scientific or technical contexts]
• сублимат [suˈblʲimət] - [Formal, Noun; Refers to the substance produced by sublimation]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in specialized fields like chemistry and physics; not common in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; Requires familiarity with scientific terminology and Russian verb conjugations, though basic forms are straightforward for learners at this level)

Pronunciation (Russian):

сублимировать: [suˈblʲimʲirəvətʲ]

Note on сублимировать: The stress falls on the second syllable ("bli"). Be cautious with the palatalized 'l' sound, which is common in Russian but may be challenging for English speakers. This verb is often pronounced more fluidly in rapid speech.

сублимат: [suˈblʲimət]

Note on сублимат: Stress on the second syllable; the final 't' is typically unaspirated, a standard feature in Russian nouns.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. To convert a substance from solid to gas without passing through a liquid state (Verb, primarily in chemistry)

Translation(s) & Context:

• сублимировать - Used in scientific experiments or technical discussions; appropriate for formal writing, lectures, or lab reports.

Usage Examples:

• В лаборатории мы сублимируем сухой лёд, чтобы получить чистый газ.

  In the laboratory, we sublimate dry ice to obtain pure gas.

• Химики сублимируют вещества для изучения их свойств при низких температурах.

  Chemists sublimate substances to study their properties at low temperatures.

• Этот процесс сублимирует кристаллы, делая их пригодными для фармацевтического использования.

  This process sublimates crystals, making them suitable for pharmaceutical use.

• В эксперименте мы сублимируем образец, чтобы избежать загрязнения жидкостью.

  In the experiment, we sublimate the sample to avoid contamination by liquid.

• Учёные сублимируют материалы в вакуумной камере для точных измерений.

  Scientists sublimate materials in a vacuum chamber for precise measurements.

2. The product or result of sublimation (Noun, referring to the gaseous or deposited substance)

Translation(s) & Context:

• сублимат - Used in contexts describing chemical outcomes; common in academic or industrial settings.

Usage Examples:

• Полученный сублимат был тщательно проанализирован в лаборатории.

  The obtained sublimate was thoroughly analyzed in the laboratory.

• В химическом процессе образуется сублимат, который используется в производстве.

  In the chemical process, a sublimate is formed, which is used in manufacturing.

• Сублимат из этого эксперимента имеет высокую чистоту и ценится в науке.

  The sublimate from this experiment has high purity and is valued in science.

• Исследователи изучили свойства сублимата под микроскопом.

  Researchers studied the properties of the sublimate under a microscope.

• Этот сублимат применяется в фармацевтике для создания лекарств.

  This sublimate is used in pharmaceuticals to create medicines.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

сублимировать is a verb borrowed from Latin via English/French, and it follows the standard patterns of Russian first-conjugation verbs with some irregularities due to its foreign origin. It is an imperfective verb and can be used in various aspects.

сублимат is a masculine noun of the second declension and has regular inflections:

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • испаряться (to evaporate, but less precise for sublimation)
  • переходить в газообразное состояние (to transition to a gaseous state, more descriptive)
• Antonyms:
  • конденсироваться (to condense)
  • замерзать (to freeze)

Related Phrases:

• процесс сублимации - The process of sublimation; refers to the scientific phenomenon in chemistry.
• сублимированный продукт - Sublimated product; used in manufacturing or lab contexts.
• газообразный сублимат - Gaseous sublimate; describes the state after sublimation.

Usage Notes:

The Russian translations for "sublimate" are highly context-dependent, with сублимировать best for verbal actions in scientific settings and сублимат for nouns. English speakers should note that Russian often requires precise aspectual forms—use imperfective сублимировать for ongoing processes. It's formal and rarely used in casual conversation, so reserve it for academic or professional contexts. When choosing between translations, opt for сублимировать if describing an action, and сублимат if referring to the result. Grammatically, ensure agreement in gender, number, and case for nouns like сублимат.

Common Errors:

• Mistaking the verb form: Learners often incorrectly conjugate сублимировать as *сублимируйт* instead of сублимируешь. Correct: Use сублимируешь for "you sublimate." This error stems from confusion with English verb forms; always check Russian conjugation tables.
• Overgeneralizing the noun: Beginners might use сублимат in plural without context, e.g., *сублиматы* when singular is needed. Correct: Determine the case based on sentence structure, as in "Я вижу сублимат" (I see the sublimate).
• Phonetic errors: English speakers may mispronounce the palatalized sounds, saying [suˈblimɪreɪt] instead of [suˈblʲimʲirəvətʲ]. Explanation: Practice the 'lʲ' sound to avoid sounding unnatural.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian scientific literature, terms like сублимировать reflect the influence of Western science, particularly from the 19th-century translations of European texts. This vocabulary is more prevalent in educational and research contexts, symbolizing Russia's emphasis on technical innovation, as seen in institutions like the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Related Concepts:

• эвапорация
• конденсация
• кристаллизация