Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'susceptible'

English Word: susceptible

Key Russian Translations:

• уязвимый /uˈjɑzvʲimɨj/ - [Formal, often used in contexts like security or health]
• восприимчивый /vɐsprʲiˈmʲitɕɪvɨj/ - [Formal, commonly applied to emotional or disease susceptibility]

Frequency: Medium (This word and its translations appear regularly in modern Russian texts, especially in technical, medical, and everyday discussions, but not as common as basic vocabulary.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of adjective forms and contextual nuances. For 'уязвимый', it may be slightly easier at B1; for 'восприимчивый', it aligns with B2 due to its abstract usage.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

уязвимый: /uˈjɑzvʲimɨj/

Note on уязвимый: The stress falls on the second syllable ('jɑzvʲ'), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft 'j' sound; it's pronounced with a palatalized 'z'. Variations may occur in rapid speech.

восприимчивый: /vɐsprʲiˈmʲitɕɪvɨj/

Note on восприимчивый: Stress is on the third syllable ('mʲitɕ'); the 'ch' sound (as in 'church') in 'ɕ' is a common point of difficulty for non-native speakers. Pronounce it smoothly to avoid sounding staccato.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Easily influenced, affected, or harmed (e.g., in physical, emotional, or security contexts).

Translation(s) & Context:

• уязвимый - Used in formal contexts like cybersecurity or health risks, where something is vulnerable to external threats.
• восприимчивый - Applied in scenarios involving emotional openness or susceptibility to illnesses, often in psychological or medical discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Этот сервер уязвим к хакерским атакам, поэтому нужно усилить защиту.

  This server is susceptible to hacker attacks, so we need to strengthen the protection.

• Дети часто бывают восприимчивыми к новым идеям и влияниям окружения.

  Children are often susceptible to new ideas and influences from their environment.

• В старшем возрасте люди становятся уязвимыми к различным заболеваниям.

  In old age, people become susceptible to various diseases.

• Её восприимчивый характер делает её уязвимой в эмоциональных ситуациях.

  Her susceptible nature makes her vulnerable in emotional situations.

• Система оказалась уязвимой из-за устаревшего программного обеспечения.

  The system turned out to be susceptible due to outdated software.

Meaning 2: Prone to being affected by something specific, such as a disease or persuasion.

Translation(s) & Context:

• восприимчивый - Common in medical or persuasive contexts, emphasizing receptivity.
• уязвимый - Used when highlighting weaknesses, like in legal or environmental discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Он был восприимчивым к рекламе и быстро купил новый гаджет.

  He was susceptible to advertising and quickly bought the new gadget.

• Эта популяция животных уязвима к изменениям климата.

  This population of animals is susceptible to climate changes.

• Молодые люди часто восприимчивы к общественному давлению.

  Young people are often susceptible to social pressure.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'уязвимый' and 'восприимчивый' are adjectives in Russian, which means they inflect based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives follow a standard pattern for first-declension adjectives, with some irregularities in spelling due to palatalization.

Note: These adjectives do not change in short form (e.g., уязвим for predicate use), and they follow regular patterns without major irregularities.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • подверженный (podverzhennyy) - Similar to 'susceptible' but often implies being subject to something specific; used in legal or scientific contexts.
  • чувствительный (chuvstvitel'nyy) - Overlaps with emotional susceptibility, but can be more general.
• Antonyms:
  • устойчивый (ustoychivyy) - Implies resistance or stability, opposite in contexts like health or security.
  • невосприимчивый (nevosprimchivyy) - Directly opposite for 'восприимчивый', meaning immune or unaffected.

Related Phrases:

• Быть уязвимым к чему-либо - To be susceptible to something; used in discussions of risks or vulnerabilities.
• Восприимчивый к влияниям - Susceptible to influences; common in educational or psychological contexts.
• Уязвимое место - A weak spot or susceptible point; often metaphorical in everyday language.

Usage Notes:

Choose 'уязвимый' for contexts emphasizing vulnerability, such as in IT security or physical threats, as it directly mirrors the English 'susceptible' in formal writing. 'Восприимчивый' is better for emotional or health-related susceptibility, where receptivity is key. Be mindful of Russian's grammatical gender and case agreements; for example, always adjust the adjective to match the noun it describes. In informal speech, these words are less common, so opt for simpler synonyms like 'чувствительный' in casual conversations.

Common Errors:

• Confusing 'уязвимый' and 'восприимчивый': English learners often use 'уязвимый' interchangeably with 'восприимчивый', but the latter is more about openness (e.g., "восприимчивый к идеям" vs. incorrect "уязвимый к идеям"). Correct: Use 'восприимчивый' for ideas; Error: "Он уязвим к новым идеям" (should be "восприимчив к новым идеям").
• Incorrect inflection: Forgetting to change the adjective for gender, e.g., saying "уязвимый женщина" instead of "уязвимая женщина". Correct form: Always inflect based on the noun's gender and case.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like 'уязвимый' often appear in discussions of national security or personal resilience, influenced by historical events such as the World Wars or the Cold War, where vulnerability was a key theme. This can add a layer of emotional depth, emphasizing the need for strength in adversity.

Related Concepts:

• риск (risk)
• защита (protection)
• влияние (influence)