Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'sweater'

English Word: sweater

Key Russian Translations:

• свитер [ˈsvʲitʲɪr] - [Informal; Commonly used in everyday contexts]

Frequency: High (This word is frequently used in modern Russian, especially in casual and fashion-related discussions.)

Difficulty: A2 (Elementary; As a borrowed word from English, it's straightforward for beginners but requires basic understanding of Russian noun declensions.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

свитер: [ˈsvʲitʲɪr]

Note on свитер: The stress is on the first syllable. The "svʲ" sound is a palatalized 's' followed by 'v', which can be challenging for English speakers; practice with native audio for accuracy.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning: A knitted garment worn on the upper body for warmth.

Translation(s) & Context:

• свитер - Used in everyday conversations, informal writing, and fashion contexts to refer to a sweater or jumper.

Usage Examples:

• Я надеваю свитер, когда холодно на улице.

  I put on a sweater when it's cold outside.

• Этот свитер сделан из шерсти и очень тёплый.

  This sweater is made of wool and is very warm.

• Она купила новый свитер в магазине на распродаже.

  She bought a new sweater at the store during the sale.

• В зимнем гардеробе не обойтись без хорошего свитера.

  You can't do without a good sweater in your winter wardrobe.

• Дети носят свитеры под куртками в холодную погоду.

  Children wear sweaters under jackets in cold weather.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Свитер" is a masculine noun in Russian and follows the standard third declension pattern for masculine nouns ending in a consonant. It inflects based on case and number. Below is a table of its basic forms:

Note: The word is regular and does not have irregular forms, making it relatively easy to learn for English speakers familiar with basic Russian grammar.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • пуловер (pulover) - Similar to sweater, often used interchangeably, but can imply a more fitted style.
  • джемпер (dzhemper) - Another term for sweater, borrowed from English, used in more formal or fashion contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • None directly applicable, as "свитер" is a specific item of clothing. However, related concepts might include lighter garments like "футболка" (t-shirt) for warmer weather.

Related Phrases:

• Тёплый свитер - A warm sweater; Used to describe clothing for cold weather.
• Вязаный свитер - A knitted sweater; Common in discussions about handmade or woolen garments.
• Зимний свитер - A winter sweater; Refers to seasonal clothing items.

Usage Notes:

"Свитер" directly corresponds to the English "sweater" and is the most common translation in contemporary Russian. It is versatile and can be used in both spoken and written language across various contexts, from casual conversations to fashion descriptions. Be mindful of noun declensions when using it in sentences; for example, it changes form based on the grammatical case. When choosing between synonyms like "пуловер" or "джемпер", opt for "свитер" in everyday scenarios, as it is more neutral and widely understood.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "свитер" without proper declension, e.g., saying "Я иду в свитер" instead of "Я иду в свитере" (I am going in a sweater).

  Correct: "Я иду в свитере" - The prepositional case is needed after prepositions like "в". Explanation: English speakers often forget Russian case requirements, leading to grammatical errors.

• Error: Confusing "свитер" with "свитшот" (sweatshirt), which is a different garment.

  Correct: Use "свитер" for a knitted sweater and "свитшот" for a casual pullover. Explanation: These are distinct in Russian fashion terminology, so context matters to avoid mix-ups.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, sweaters like "свитер" are staple items in winter wardrobes due to the country's cold climate. They are often associated with comfort and practicality, and handmade sweaters can carry sentimental value, especially in rural areas where knitting is a traditional craft. However, in urban settings, imported or branded sweaters reflect modern fashion trends.

Related Concepts:

• куртка (jacket)
• шарф (scarf)
• перчатки (gloves)