Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'suppurate'

English Word: suppurate

Key Russian Translations:

• гноиться [ɡnoˈiʲt͡sə] - [Formal, Medical context; used in professional or clinical discussions]
• гнойничать [ɡnojnʲiˈt͡ʂatʲ] - [Informal, Everyday language; less precise but common in casual medical talk]

Frequency: Low (This term is specialized and primarily used in medical or scientific contexts, not in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: C1 (Advanced; requires familiarity with Russian medical vocabulary and verb conjugations. For 'гноиться', it is at C1 level due to its irregular aspects; 'гнойничать' is slightly easier at B2 for intermediate learners.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

гноиться: [ɡnoˈiʲt͡sə]

Note on гноиться: The stress falls on the second syllable ('iʲt͡sə'). Be careful with the soft 'н' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers. Pronunciation may vary slightly in rapid speech.

гнойничать: [ɡnojnʲiˈt͡ʂatʲ]

Note on гнойничать: This verb has a harder 'ч' sound, similar to the 'ch' in 'church'. It's often pronounced more fluidly in informal settings.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To form pus or cause a wound to become infected (Primary medical meaning)

Translation(s) & Context:

• гноиться - Used in formal medical descriptions, such as in hospital reports or scientific texts, to describe the process of suppuration.
• гнойничать - Applied in everyday contexts, like home remedies or casual health discussions, to indicate ongoing infection.

Usage Examples:

• Рана начала гноиться после того, как её не обработали должным образом. (The wound started to suppurate after it wasn't properly treated.)

  English Translation: The wound started to suppurate after it wasn't properly treated.

• Если инфекция не остановится, палец будет гноиться несколько дней. (If the infection doesn't stop, the finger will suppurate for several days.)

  English Translation: If the infection doesn't stop, the finger will suppurate for several days. (This shows the verb in a predictive context.)

• Врач объяснил, что гнойничать может начать любая незащищённая рана. (The doctor explained that any unprotected wound can start to suppurate.)

  English Translation: The doctor explained that any unprotected wound can start to suppurate. (Illustrates use in explanatory speech.)

• Её порез на ноге продолжает гноиться, несмотря на антибиотики. (Her cut on the leg keeps suppurating despite the antibiotics.)

  English Translation: Her cut on the leg keeps suppurating despite the antibiotics. (Demonstrates ongoing action with imperfective aspect.)

• Дети часто не замечают, когда царапины начинают гнойничать. (Children often don't notice when scratches start to suppurate.)

  English Translation: Children often don't notice when scratches start to suppurate. (Uses 'гнойничать' in an informal, everyday scenario.)

To describe a festering or worsening condition metaphorically (Secondary, less common usage)

Translation(s) & Context:

• гноиться - Rarely used metaphorically in literature to describe emotional or social decay.

Usage Examples:

• Конфликт в компании начал гноиться, разрушая доверие между сотрудниками. (The conflict in the company started to suppurate, destroying trust among employees.)

  English Translation: The conflict in the company started to suppurate, destroying trust among employees. (Metaphorical use in a professional context.)

• Его обида продолжала гноиться годами, не давая двигаться дальше. (His grudge continued to suppurate for years, preventing him from moving on.)

  English Translation: His grudge continued to suppurate for years, preventing him from moving on. (Shows emotional application.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'гноиться' and 'гнойничать' are imperfective verbs in Russian, which means they describe ongoing or repeated actions. Russian verbs undergo conjugation based on tense, aspect, person, and number. 'Гноиться' is irregular in some forms due to its reflexive ending (-ся), while 'гнойничать' follows more standard patterns.

Note: These verbs can be used in past and future tenses, but they remain reflexive for 'гноиться'. For example, past tense of 'гноиться' is 'гноился/гноилась'.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • гнойный (directly related to pus, but as an adjective)
  • инфицироваться (to become infected; more general)
  • гнойничать (as listed earlier; slight variation in informality)
• Antonyms:
  • заживать (to heal)
  • выздороветь (to recover)

Synonyms like 'инфицироваться' are more formal and broader, while 'гнойничать' is a close informal equivalent.

Related Phrases:

• Гнойный процесс (A suppurative process) - Refers to the ongoing formation of pus in medical contexts.
• Рана гноится (The wound is suppurating) - A common phrase for describing infected wounds.
• Гнойничать в уголке (To suppurate in the corner; metaphorical for festering issues) - Used in literature for emotional decay.

Usage Notes:

'Suppurate' directly corresponds to 'гноиться' in formal Russian, especially in medical translations, but 'гнойничать' is preferred in everyday speech for its simplicity. Be mindful of the reflexive ending (-ся) in 'гноиться', which indicates the process happens to the subject. In formal writing, use 'гноиться' for precision, but in conversations, 'гнойничать' avoids sounding overly technical. Grammar note: These verbs are imperfective, so they don't imply completion—use perfective forms like 'гноить' for completed actions if needed.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Confusing 'гноиться' with 'гнить' (to rot). English learners might use 'гнить' for wounds, but it's incorrect as it implies decay, not infection. Correct: Use 'гноиться' for suppuration. Example: Wrong: "Рана гниет." (The wound rots.) Right: "Рана гноится." (The wound suppurates.) Explanation: 'Гнить' is for organic decay, not medical infection.
• Mistake: Omitting the reflexive particle in 'гноиться'. Learners might say 'гноить' without '-ся', changing the meaning. Correct: Always include '-ся' for reflexive action. Example: Wrong: "Рана гноит." Right: "Рана гноится." Explanation: Without '-ся', it becomes transitive and less accurate for this context.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and medicine, terms like 'гноиться' reflect a historical emphasis on practical health knowledge, influenced by Soviet-era healthcare systems. It's often used in everyday discussions about home remedies, highlighting a cultural norm of self-treatment for minor infections, though professional medical advice is increasingly emphasized in modern contexts.

Related Concepts:

• инфекция (infection)
• антибиотики (antibiotics)
• заражение (contamination)