Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'shunt'

English Word: shunt

Key Russian Translations:

• шунт [ʃunt] - [Technical/Medical, Formal]
• перевод [pʲɪrʲɪˈvod] - [Railway context, Informal]

Frequency: Low (This term is specialized and not commonly used in everyday Russian conversation, primarily appearing in technical or medical literature.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with technical vocabulary. For 'шунт', it is B2 due to medical connotations; for 'перевод', it is A2 if in general railway contexts.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

шунт: [ʃunt]

перевод: [pʲɪrʲɪˈvod]

Note on шунт: The initial 'ш' sound is a voiceless postalveolar fricative, similar to the 'sh' in English "ship." Be careful with the stress on the first syllable, as misplacing it can alter perceived meaning in technical speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: In medical contexts, referring to a bypass or diversion (e.g., a shunt in the heart or blood vessels).

Translation(s) & Context:

• шунт - Used in formal medical discussions, such as describing surgical procedures or anatomical diversions.

Usage Examples:

• Врачи установили шунт для улучшения кровотока.

  Doctors installed a shunt to improve blood flow.

• Шунт в сердце пациента помог предотвратить осложнения.

  The shunt in the patient's heart helped prevent complications.

• После операции шунт был успешно интегрирован в систему кровообращения.

  After the surgery, the shunt was successfully integrated into the circulatory system.

• Шунт используется в кардиологии для перенаправления крови.

  A shunt is used in cardiology to redirect blood.

Meaning 2: In railway or engineering contexts, referring to switching or diverting tracks or paths.

Translation(s) & Context:

• перевод - Applied in informal or practical railway settings, such as train switching operations.

Usage Examples:

• Машинист выполнил перевод вагонов на запасной путь.

  The engineer performed a shunt to move the cars to the siding track.

• Перевод поездов происходит на станции во время ремонта.

  Shunting of trains occurs at the station during maintenance.

• Из-за поломки потребовался срочный перевод состава.

  Due to the breakdown, an emergency shunt of the train was required.

• Перевод вагонов требует точного расчета скорости.

  Shunting cars requires precise speed calculations.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'шунт' (a masculine noun in the second declension), it follows standard Russian noun inflections. It is a borrowed word and does not have irregular forms, but it changes based on case and number.

For 'перевод' (also a masculine noun), it inflects similarly but is more common in verbal contexts. It remains unchanged in its base form but adjusts per case as above.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • шунт - обвод (obvod) [for medical bypass, with a slight nuance of circumvention]
  • перевод - маневр (manevr) [informal, emphasizing movement in railway contexts]
• Antonyms:
  • шунт - закупорка (zakuporka) [blockage, opposite in medical sense]
  • перевод - фиксация (fiksaсiya) [fixing in place, opposite in engineering]

Related Phrases:

• Сердечный шунт - Cardiac shunt (a common medical phrase referring to heart-related diversions).
• Перевод на запасной путь - Shunt to the siding track (used in railway operations for rerouting).
• Венозный шунт - Venous shunt (a specialized medical term for blood vessel diversion).

Usage Notes:

'Shunt' in English corresponds most directly to 'шунт' in Russian for medical contexts, where it implies a precise, engineered diversion. In railway uses, 'перевод' is more idiomatic and less formal. English speakers should note that Russian requires careful attention to case (e.g., use genitive for possession: "шунта пациента"). When choosing between translations, opt for 'шунт' in technical writing and 'перевод' in everyday or operational discussions to match the appropriate register.

Common Errors:

• English learners often confuse 'шунт' with 'шант' (a misspelling or unrelated term). Correct usage: Always use 'шунт' for medical shunts. Example of error: Saying "Я имею в виду шант" (wrong) instead of "Я имею в виду шунт" (correct), as it might be misheard or misspelled.
• Another error is failing to inflect properly, e.g., using 'шунт' in dative without changing to 'шунту'. Error: "Дать шунт" (incorrect for "to give the shunt") vs. Correct: "Дать шунту" (to the shunt).

Cultural Notes:

In Russian medical culture, terms like 'шунт' are heavily influenced by international (often English or German) terminology due to historical exchanges in science. It doesn't carry strong cultural connotations but reflects Russia's emphasis on engineering and medicine in education, where such words are taught in technical institutes.

Related Concepts:

• катетер (kateter)
• обходной путь (obkhodnoy put')
• маневровая работа (manevrovaya rabota)