Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'suppression'

English Word: suppression

Key Russian Translations:

• подавление [pə.dɐˈvlʲenʲ.jə] - [Formal, Noun]
• подавлять [pə.dɐˈvlʲatʲ] - [Formal, Verb; Used in contexts involving ongoing action or process]

Frequency: Medium (Common in formal writing, psychology, and political discussions, but not everyday casual speech)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; Requires understanding of noun and verb inflections and contextual usage; for 'подавление' as a noun: B2, for 'подавлять' as a verb: B2-C1 due to aspect variations)

Pronunciation (Russian):

подавление: [pə.dɐˈvlʲenʲ.jə]

подавлять: [pə.dɐˈvlʲatʲ]

Note on подавление: The stress falls on the third syllable; the palatalized 'л' can be tricky for English speakers, sounding like a soft 'l' as in 'million'.

Note on подавлять: This is an imperfective verb; pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech, with the final 'tʲ' softening.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The act of suppressing or restraining something, e.g., in a political or social context.

Translation(s) & Context:

• подавление - Used in formal contexts like politics or law to describe the suppression of rights or movements.
• подавлять - Employed as a verb in ongoing processes, such as suppressing emotions or information.

Usage Examples:

• Правительство прибегло к подавлению протестов, чтобы восстановить порядок в городе.

  The government resorted to suppression of the protests to restore order in the city.

• В психологии подавление эмоций может привести к долгосрочным проблемам со здоровьем.

  In psychology, suppression of emotions can lead to long-term health issues.

• Он пытался подавлять свои страхи, но они только усиливались со временем.

  He tried to suppress his fears, but they only intensified over time.

• Подавление свободы слова часто критикуется международными организациями.

  Suppression of free speech is often criticized by international organizations.

Meaning 2: In psychology, the conscious effort to hide or control thoughts or feelings.

Translation(s) & Context:

• подавление - Specifically in therapeutic or psychological contexts, referring to the act of repressing thoughts.
• подавлять - As a verb, in personal development or emotional regulation scenarios.

Usage Examples:

• Подавление воспоминаний о травме может быть частью терапии, но оно не всегда эффективно.

  Suppression of memories about trauma can be part of therapy, but it isn't always effective.

• Она училась подавлять гнев в конфликтных ситуациях, чтобы сохранить спокойствие.

  She learned to suppress anger in conflict situations to maintain composure.

• В культуре некоторых обществ подавление индивидуальных желаний считается нормой.

  In the culture of some societies, suppression of individual desires is considered the norm.

• Подавление творческого импульса может помешать личностному росту.

  Suppression of creative impulses can hinder personal growth.

• Психологи предупреждают о рисках, связанных с подавлением естественных реакций на стресс.

  Psychologists warn about the risks associated with suppressing natural reactions to stress.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

подавление is a neuter noun of the second declension. It follows standard Russian noun inflection patterns, with changes based on case and number.

подавлять is an imperfective verb. It conjugates irregularly in some aspects but follows common patterns for first-conjugation verbs. Example conjugations in present tense:

Note: This verb has a perfective counterpart, 'подавить', which is used for completed actions.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • угнетение (oppression; similar but often implies more severe control)
  • репрессия (repression; used in historical or political contexts)
  • сдерживание (restraint; more neutral and applicable to everyday situations)
• Antonyms:
  • освобождение (liberation)
  • выражение (expression)
  • разрешение (release)

Related Phrases:

• Подавление свободы - Suppression of freedom; Often used in discussions about human rights.
• Подавлять эмоции - To suppress emotions; Common in psychological or self-help contexts.
• Политическое подавление - Political suppression; Refers to authoritarian measures in governance.
• Подавление информации - Suppression of information; Used in media or censorship scenarios.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'подавление' directly corresponds to the noun form of 'suppression' in English, especially in formal or technical contexts, while 'подавлять' is the verbal equivalent. Be mindful of aspect: use the imperfective 'подавлять' for ongoing actions and the perfective 'подавить' for completed ones. This word is more common in written Russian than spoken, and it's often limited to educated or professional discourse. When choosing between translations, opt for 'подавление' in static descriptions and 'подавлять' in dynamic sentences. Grammatical note: Always consider case agreement when using 'подавление' in sentences.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing 'подавление' with 'подавлять' and using the noun where a verb is needed. For example, incorrectly saying "Я подавление страх" instead of "Я подавляю страх".

  Correct: "Я подавляю страх" (I suppress fear). Explanation: 'Подавление' is a noun, so it can't function as a verb; use the conjugated verb form.

• Error: Overusing 'подавление' in informal speech, which sounds unnatural. English learners might say "Подавление моего гнева" in casual talk, but natives prefer synonyms like 'сдерживание'.

  Correct: In informal contexts, say "Я сдерживаю гнев". Explanation: 'Подавление' is too formal for everyday conversation, leading to stilted language.

• Error: Mispronouncing the palatalized sounds, e.g., saying [pə.dɐ'vlen.je] without the soft 'л'.

  Correct Pronunciation: [pə.dɐˈvlʲenʲ.jə]. Explanation: This can make the word harder to understand; practice with native audio.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and history, terms like 'подавление' are often associated with Soviet-era repression, such as the suppression of dissent under Stalin. This gives the word a loaded connotation, evoking themes of authoritarian control and resistance, which can influence its usage in modern discussions about freedom and human rights.

Related Concepts:

• репрессия
• цензура
• освобождение
• контроль