Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'supersede'

English Word: supersede

Key Russian Translations:

• заменять [zɐˈmʲenʲɪtʲ] - [Formal, Imperfective verb, Used in ongoing or general contexts]
• заменить [zɐˈmʲenʲɪtʲ] - [Formal, Perfective verb, Used for completed actions]
• вытеснять [vɨˈtʲesnʲɪtʲ] - [Formal, Less common, Implies forceful replacement]

Frequency: Medium (This verb is commonly encountered in formal writing, legal, or technical contexts, but not in everyday casual speech.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian verb aspects and conjugations. For 'заменять', it's B2; for 'вытеснять', it might lean towards B2-C1 due to nuanced usage.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

заменять: [zɐˈmʲenʲɪtʲ]

заменить: [zɐˈmʲenʲɪtʲ] (Note: The pronunciation is similar to 'заменять', but the perfective form often has a stressed ending in spoken contexts.)

вытеснять: [vɨˈtʲesnʲɪtʲ] (Note on вытеснять: The initial 'в' sound is soft and can be tricky for English speakers; it sounds like a 'v' with a slight whistle.)

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To replace or take the place of something (e.g., in legal, technological, or hierarchical contexts).

Translation(s) & Context:

• 'заменять' - Used in situations describing ongoing replacement, such as in processes or general statements (e.g., in technical manuals).
• 'заменить' - Applied to completed actions, like in legal documents where one law supersedes another.
• 'вытеснять' - For contexts implying displacement or competition, such as in business or evolutionary scenarios.

Usage Examples:

• Эта новая политика заменяет предыдущую, делая её устаревшей.

  This new policy supersedes the previous one, making it obsolete.

• Технологии часто заменяют традиционные методы в современном мире.

  Technologies often supersede traditional methods in the modern world.

• Судебное решение вытеснило старые правила, установив новые стандарты.

  The court decision superseded the old rules, establishing new standards.

• В компании мы заменяем старое оборудование новым для повышения эффективности.

  In the company, we supersede old equipment with new to improve efficiency.

• Если закон заменит текущий, все контракты должны быть пересмотрены.

  If the law supersedes the current one, all contracts must be reviewed.

To supplant or override in authority or importance.

Translation(s) & Context:

• 'заменить' - Common in hierarchical or authoritative contexts, like in governance.
• 'вытеснять' - Emphasizes competition or elimination, often in social or evolutionary contexts.

Usage Examples:

• Новая конституция заменит старую, изменяя баланс власти.

  The new constitution will supersede the old one, altering the balance of power.

• Инновации вытесняют устаревшие идеи в науке.

  Innovations supersede outdated ideas in science.

• Руководитель заменит устаревшие процедуры, чтобы улучшить операции.

  The manager will supersede outdated procedures to improve operations.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'заменять' and 'заменить', these are verbs with imperfective ('заменять') and perfective ('заменить') aspects, which is a key feature of Russian grammar. Verbs like these follow the first conjugation pattern with some irregularities.

Note: 'вытеснять' is irregular in some forms due to the 'ы' vowel shift. These verbs do not change for gender in the past tense but do for number and person in present/future.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • подменить (to substitute, often with a connotation of deception)
  • сменить (to change or replace, more neutral)
  • отменить (to cancel, but only if it implies full replacement)
• Antonyms:
  • сохранить (to preserve)
  • поддерживать (to maintain)

Related Phrases:

• заменить на что-то - (To replace with something; used in contexts of upgrading or substituting items.)
• вытеснить с рынка - (To supersede in the market; implies competitive displacement in business.)
• заменить в тексте - (To replace in text; common in editing or programming.)

Usage Notes:

The English word 'supersede' often corresponds directly to 'заменить' in Russian for perfective actions, but learners should note the aspect system: use 'заменять' for ongoing processes. In formal contexts like law or technology, 'заменить' is preferred. Be cautious with register—'вытеснять' can sound more aggressive. When choosing between translations, consider the context: if it's about authority, 'заменить' fits best.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using 'заменять' for completed actions, e.g., saying "Я заменил машину" as "Я заменяю машину" (incorrectly implying an ongoing action).
  Correct: "Я заменил машину" (I have replaced the car). Explanation: Russian verbs have aspects, so mixing them can confuse tense and completion.
• Mistake: Confusing 'вытеснять' with 'заменить', leading to overuse in non-competitive contexts.
  Correct: Use 'заменить' for simple replacement; 'вытеснять' for displacement. Explanation: This can make speech sound overly dramatic.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like 'заменить' often appear in discussions of historical events, such as the replacement of tsarist laws with Soviet ones, reflecting themes of revolution and progress. This highlights Russia's emphasis on transformation in its history.

Related Concepts:

• обновить (to update)
• отменить (to cancel)
• эволюционировать (to evolve)