Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'sunken'

English Word: sunken

Key Russian Translations:

• потопленный [pə.tɐˈplo.lʲɛn.nɨj] - [Formal, used for objects or ships that have sunk]
• впавшие [ˈfpa.vlʲe] - [Informal, Plural, often used for describing sunken features like eyes or cheeks]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in nautical or descriptive contexts, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate level; requires understanding of adjectives and past participles, with some inflection patterns)

Pronunciation (Russian):

потопленный: [pə.tɐˈplo.lʲɛn.nɨj] (Stress on the third syllable; the 'лʲ' is a soft 'l' sound, common in Russian.)

впавшие: [ˈfpa.vlʲe] (Stress on the first syllable; note the palatalized 'v' sound.)

Note on потопленный: This word has a rolling 'r' in some regional accents, but standard pronunciation avoids it. Be cautious with the soft consonants.

Note on впавшие: As an adjective, it may vary slightly in casual speech, but the core pronunciation remains consistent.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Describing something that has sunk, especially ships or objects underwater

Translation(s) & Context:

• потопленный - Used in formal or historical contexts, such as discussing shipwrecks or submerged artifacts.

Usage Examples:

• Корабль был потоплен во время шторма.

  The ship was sunken during the storm.

• Потопленные сокровища всё ещё лежат на дне океана.

  The sunken treasures still lie at the bottom of the ocean.

• В музее выставлены артефакты с потопленного корабля.

  In the museum, artifacts from the sunken ship are on display.

• Потопленный мост создал проблемы для местного транспорта.

  The sunken bridge caused issues for local transportation.

Meaning 2: Describing a hollow or recessed appearance, such as sunken eyes or cheeks

Translation(s) & Context:

• впавшие - Informal and descriptive, often in medical or literary contexts for physical features.

Usage Examples:

• Его глаза были впавшие от усталости.

  His eyes were sunken from exhaustion.

• У неё впавшие щёки после болезни.

  She has sunken cheeks after the illness.

• Впавшие лица прохожих указывали на голод.

  The sunken faces of passersby indicated hunger.

• Солдат имел впавшие глаза после долгого похода.

  The soldier had sunken eyes after the long march.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both translations are adjectives, which inflect based on gender, number, and case in Russian. "Потопленный" is a past passive participle that functions as an adjective, while "впавшие" is a standard adjective.

Note: These words follow regular adjective inflections. For feminine or neuter forms, adjust accordingly (e.g., потопленная for feminine singular).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • затопленный (zɑˈtop.lʲɛn.nɨj) - Similar to потопленный, but more general for flooded areas.
  • вогнутые (vɐɡˈnu.tɨje) - For впавшие, implying a concave shape.
• Antonyms:
  • всплывший (vˈsplo.vʃʲij) - Meaning "risen" or "surfaced".
  • выпуклые (vɨˈpuk.lɨje) - Opposite of впавшие, meaning "bulging" or "protruding".

Related Phrases:

• Потопленный корабль - A sunken ship; commonly used in adventure stories or historical discussions.
• Впавшие глаза - Sunken eyes; often in medical contexts to describe fatigue or malnutrition.
• Затопленные руины - Sunken ruins; refers to submerged historical sites, with cultural implications.

Usage Notes:

"Sunken" in English often corresponds to "потопленный" for literal sinking (e.g., ships), but for metaphorical or physical descriptions like sunken eyes, "впавшие" is more idiomatic in Russian. Use "потопленный" in formal writing or nautical contexts, and "впавшие" in everyday or descriptive language. Be mindful of gender agreement: adjectives must match the noun's gender, number, and case. For learners, choose "потопленный" when translating from English past participles, but verify context to avoid mismatches.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "потопленный" for people or body parts, e.g., saying "потопленный глаза" instead of "впавшие глаза". Correct: "Впавшие глаза" is the proper form for physical features. Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree in gender and number, and "потопленный" is typically for inanimate objects.

• Error: Forgetting inflections, e.g., using "потопленный" in all cases without change. Correct: In genitive case, it becomes "потопленного". Explanation: This is a common mistake for English speakers unfamiliar with Russian case systems, leading to grammatical errors.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "потопленный" often evoke historical events such as the sinking of ships in wars (e.g., World War II naval battles), which are frequently referenced in literature and media. "Впавшие" might appear in classic Russian novels to describe characters' hardships, symbolizing poverty or endurance, as seen in works by Tolstoy or Dostoevsky.

Related Concepts:

• затопление (flooding or sinking)
• утопленник (drowned person)
• вогнутость (concavity)