Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'summons'

English Word: summons

Key Russian Translations:

• Повестка /pɐˈvʲestkə/ - [Formal, Legal context]
• Призыв /prʲɪˈzɨv/ - [Informal, General or military summons]

Frequency: Medium (Common in legal and official documents, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of formal Russian grammar and context, with 'Повестка' being slightly easier than 'Призыв' due to its noun form)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Повестка: /pɐˈvʲestkə/

Note on Повестка: The stress falls on the second syllable; the 'в' sound is soft, which can be tricky for English speakers. Pronounce it as "pah-VEHST-kuh".

Призыв: /prʲɪˈzɨv/

Note on Призыв: The initial 'пр' is a soft consonant cluster; stress on the second syllable. It sounds like "pree-ZEEF".

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Legal Summons (Official court or authority notification)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Повестка - Used in formal legal settings, such as court appearances or official notifications.
• Призыв - Less common in pure legal contexts, but can imply a summons in administrative or military scenarios.

Usage Examples:

• Судебная повестка была доставлена по почте. (The court summons was delivered by mail.)

  English: The court summons was delivered by mail. (This example shows 'повестка' in a formal legal context, emphasizing official delivery.)

• Он получил повестку в военкомат для призыва. (He received a summons to the military draft office.)

  English: He received a summons to the military draft office. (Here, 'повестка' is used with military connotations, blending into 'призыв' usage.)

• Повестка требует вашего присутствия в суде завтра. (The summons requires your presence in court tomorrow.)

  English: The summons requires your presence in court tomorrow. (Demonstrates imperative usage in formal instructions.)

• Призыв к действию был издан президентом. (The summons to action was issued by the president.)

  English: The summons to action was issued by the president. (Illustrates 'призыв' in a broader, non-legal motivational context.)

• В случае игнорирования повестки, последуют штрафы. (If the summons is ignored, fines will follow.)

  English: If the summons is ignored, fines will follow. (Shows 'повестка' in a warning or consequence-related sentence.)

General Summons (Call or invitation to appear)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Призыв - Used for non-legal calls, like in social or emergency situations.
• Повестка - Occasionally extended to formal invitations, but less common.

Usage Examples:

• Его призыв на собрание был услышан всеми. (His summons to the meeting was heard by everyone.)

  English: His summons to the meeting was heard by everyone. (This highlights 'призыв' in a group or organizational context.)

• Призыв к помощи прозвучал во время кризиса. (The summons for help sounded during the crisis.)

  English: The summons for help sounded during the crisis. (Demonstrates 'призыв' in an urgent, informal setting.)

• Повестка на собеседование пришла неожиданно. (The summons for the interview came unexpectedly.)

  English: The summons for the interview came unexpectedly. (Shows 'повестка' adapted to professional contexts.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'Повестка' and 'Призыв' are nouns in Russian, which inflect based on case, number, and gender. 'Повестка' is a feminine noun, while 'Призыв' is masculine. They follow standard Russian declension patterns.

Note: These are regular declensions. 'Повестка' does not have irregular forms, making it straightforward for learners.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Вызов (/vɨˈzov/) - Similar to 'summons' in a call or challenge context; often used interchangeably with 'призыв' in informal settings.
  • Зов (/zof/) - More poetic, implying a general call; differs from 'повестка' by being less formal.
• Antonyms:
  • Отказ (/ɐtˈkaz/) - Refusal or dismissal of a summons.
  • Игнорирование (/ɪɡnərʲɪˈrəvanʲɪje/) - Ignoring, directly opposing the act of responding to a summons.

Related Phrases:

• Судебная повестка - Judicial summons; used in legal proceedings to notify attendance.
• Призыв к оружию - Call to arms; a military summons with historical connotations.
• Общий призыв - General mobilization; refers to a broad summons in times of emergency. (English explanation: This phrase is common in historical or wartime contexts, emphasizing collective action.)

Usage Notes:

'Повестка' is the most direct equivalent to 'summons' in legal English, often used in official Russian documents, and should be chosen for formal contexts. 'Призыв' is broader and can translate to 'summons' in motivational or non-legal scenarios, but avoid it for precise legal translations to prevent ambiguity. Be mindful of case inflections when constructing sentences, as Russian requires agreement with other elements. For English learners, note that 'summons' as a verb doesn't directly translate; use verbal phrases like 'вызывать на суд' (to summon to court).

• Contextual choice: Use 'повестка' for written notifications and 'призыв' for spoken or urgent calls.
• Grammar tip: Always decline nouns based on sentence structure to maintain grammatical accuracy.

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse 'повестка' with 'приказ' (order), using it incorrectly in non-legal contexts. For example:

• Error: *Я получил призыв на работу* (Intended: I received a summons for work, but this implies a call to action rather than an official notice).
• Correct: Я получил повестку на работу (I received a summons for work). Explanation: 'Повестка' is more appropriate for formal invitations, while 'призыв' might suggest enthusiasm rather than obligation.
• Another error: Failing to decline the noun, e.g., *в повестка* instead of *в повестке*. Explanation: This disrupts sentence flow; always match the case as per Russian grammar rules.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, a 'повестка' from authorities, such as a military draft notice, carries significant weight due to historical contexts like World War II mobilizations. It often evokes a sense of duty and urgency, reflecting Russia's emphasis on collective responsibility in times of crisis.

Related Concepts:

• Дознание (Investigation)
• Арест (Arrest)
• Мобилизация (Mobilization)