Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'summarize'

English Word: summarize

Key Russian Translations:

• суммировать /suˈmʲirəvətʲ/ - [Formal, used in academic or professional contexts]
• изложить кратко /iˈzɫoʒʲitʲ ˈkratka/ - [Informal, versatile for everyday summaries]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in written and spoken Russian, especially in educational and business settings)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate level; requires understanding of verb conjugations and formal structures; for 'суммировать', it's slightly more advanced due to its technical nuance)

Pronunciation (Russian):

суммировать: /suˈmʲirəvətʲ/

изложить кратко: /iˈzɫoʒʲitʲ ˈkratka/

Note on суммировать: The stress falls on the second syllable; be cautious with the palatalized 'mʲ' sound, which is a common challenge for English speakers. Variations may occur in rapid speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To make a summary of information or text

Translation(s) & Context:

• суммировать - Used in formal contexts like reports or lectures, where a concise overview is needed.
• изложить кратко - Applied in informal discussions or casual writing for quick summaries.

Usage Examples:

• Пожалуйста, суммируйте ключевые моменты доклада. (Please summarize the key points of the report.)

  English Translation: Please summarize the key points of the report. (This example shows the verb in an imperative form, commonly used in professional settings.)

• В конце урока учитель попросил нас изложить кратко историю России. (At the end of the lesson, the teacher asked us to summarize Russian history briefly.)

  English Translation: At the end of the lesson, the teacher asked us to summarize Russian history briefly. (Demonstrates use in an educational context with infinitive form.)

• Я всегда суммирую свои заметки перед встречей. (I always summarize my notes before a meeting.)

  English Translation: I always summarize my notes before a meeting. (Illustrates first-person usage in daily routines.)

• Чтобы сэкономить время, изложи кратко свои идеи. (To save time, summarize your ideas briefly.)

  English Translation: To save time, summarize your ideas briefly. (Shows informal command form in conversational speech.)

• В отчете нужно суммировать данные за год. (In the report, you need to summarize the data for the year.)

  English Translation: In the report, you need to summarize the data for the year. (Highlights use with nouns in a business context.)

To condense or abridge content

Translation(s) & Context:

• суммировать - Often in technical or scientific writing for data condensation.
• изложить кратко - In literary or narrative contexts for shortening stories or articles.

Usage Examples:

• Автор суммировал роман в нескольких абзацах. (The author summarized the novel in a few paragraphs.)

  English Translation: The author summarized the novel in a few paragraphs. (Example of past tense in literary discussion.)

• Изложи кратко суть статьи для презентации. (Summarize the essence of the article briefly for the presentation.)

  English Translation: Summarize the essence of the article briefly for the presentation. (Informal imperative in a work setting.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'суммировать' and 'изложить кратко' are verbs, so they undergo conjugation based on tense, aspect, person, and number. 'Суммировать' is a first-conjugation verb with regular patterns, while 'изложить' (from 'излагать') has imperfective aspects. Below is a table for 'суммировать' in present tense; 'изложить кратко' follows similar patterns but is often used as a phrase.

Note: 'Изложить' is perfective, so it doesn't have a full present tense; use 'излагать' for ongoing actions. These verbs are regular but pay attention to stem changes in past tense (e.g., суммировал for masculine past).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: подвести итоги (to draw conclusions), кратко описать (to describe briefly) - 'Подвести итоги' is more formal and emphasizes finalization.
• Antonyms: детализировать (to detail), расширить (to expand) - 'Детализировать' is often used in contrast to summarization in reports.

Related Phrases:

• Подвести итоги дня - (To sum up the day; used in daily reflections or meetings.)
• Краткий обзор - (A brief overview; common in presentations or articles.)
• Суммировать данные - (To summarize data; typical in scientific or business contexts.)

Usage Notes:

• 'Суммировать' is the most direct equivalent to 'summarize' in formal English contexts, especially for numerical or data-driven summaries, but it may sound overly technical in casual speech—opt for 'изложить кратко' for everyday use.
• Be mindful of aspect: Russian verbs have perfective and imperfective forms, so 'summarize' might align with perfective verbs like 'изложить' for completed actions.
• In formal writing, always conjugate based on subject; for example, use 'суммирует' for third-person singular.
• When choosing between translations, 'суммировать' is preferred for objective, fact-based summaries, while 'изложить кратко' allows for more interpretive or narrative styles.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'суммировать' in informal contexts where it sounds stiff; e.g., incorrectly saying "Суммировать эту историю" instead of "Изложить эту историю кратко". Correct: Use 'изложить кратко' for casual storytelling. Explanation: English learners often overlook register, leading to unnatural phrasing.
• Error: Forgetting verb conjugation; e.g., saying "Суммировать мы" instead of "Суммируем мы". Correct: "Мы суммируем" (We summarize). Explanation: Russian requires subject-verb agreement, which differs from English's more flexible structure.
• Error: Confusing with synonyms; e.g., using 'подвести итоги' when a simple summary is needed, which implies a conclusive wrap-up. Correct: Stick to 'суммировать' for neutral summaries. Explanation: This can alter the intended meaning, making the statement more final than intended.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, summarizing (e.g., 'суммировать') is highly valued in education and professional settings, reflecting the emphasis on efficiency and clarity in communication. For instance, in Russian literature classes, students are often asked to 'изложить кратко' classic works, highlighting the cultural importance of conciseness in a historically verbose literary tradition.

Related Concepts:

• анализ (analysis)
• обзор (overview)
• итог (conclusion)