Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'stratosphere'

English Word: stratosphere

Key Russian Translations:

• стратосфера /strətɐˈsferə/ - [Formal, Scientific]

Frequency: Low (This term is primarily used in scientific, academic, or technical contexts and is not common in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; Requires familiarity with scientific vocabulary and basic knowledge of atmospheric science, as per CEFR standards.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

стратосфера: /strətɐˈsferə/

Note on стратосфера: The stress falls on the third syllable ("sfe-"), which is a common challenge for English speakers due to the Russian emphasis on vowel reduction in unstressed syllables. Pronunciation may vary slightly by regional dialect, but this IPA represents standard Russian.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The layer of Earth's atmosphere above the troposphere and below the mesosphere, characterized by increasing temperature with altitude.

Translation(s) & Context:

• стратосфера - Used in scientific discussions about atmospheric layers, meteorology, and aviation. Context: Formal descriptions of Earth's atmosphere in educational or professional settings.

Usage Examples:

• Стратосфера простирается от 10 до 50 километров над поверхностью Земли и содержит озоновый слой.

  The stratosphere extends from 10 to 50 kilometers above the Earth's surface and contains the ozone layer.

• В стратосфере температура возрастает с высотой, что отличает её от тропосферы.

  In the stratosphere, temperature increases with altitude, which distinguishes it from the troposphere.

• Авиалайнеры иногда летают в стратосфере, чтобы избежать турбулентности.

  Airliners sometimes fly in the stratosphere to avoid turbulence.

• Исследования стратосферы помогли понять глобальное потепление и его влияние на климат.

  Studies of the stratosphere have helped understand global warming and its impact on climate.

• Стратосфера защищает жизнь на Земле от вредного ультрафиолетового излучения.

  The stratosphere protects life on Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Стратосфера" is a feminine noun in Russian, belonging to the first declension group. It follows regular patterns for Russian nouns, with changes based on case and number. Below is a table outlining its basic declension:

Note: This noun does not have irregular forms, making it relatively straightforward for learners once basic declension rules are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • верхние слои атмосферы (upper layers of the atmosphere; used in broader, less technical contexts)
  • стратосферный слой (stratospheric layer; emphasizes the layered structure)
• Antonyms:
  • тропосфера (troposphere; the layer directly below the stratosphere)
  • мезосфера (mesosphere; the layer above the stratosphere)

Related Phrases:

• озоновый слой стратосферы - The ozone layer of the stratosphere; Refers to the protective layer that absorbs UV radiation.
• верхняя стратосфера - Upper stratosphere; Used in discussions of higher atmospheric phenomena.
• стратосферные полёты - Stratospheric flights; Common in aviation and space exploration contexts.

Usage Notes:

"Стратосфера" directly corresponds to the English "stratosphere" in scientific terminology, particularly in meteorology, environmental science, and aviation. It is almost exclusively used in formal or technical contexts, so avoid it in casual conversation. When choosing this term, ensure the discussion involves atmospheric science; for general weather talk, "атмосфера" (atmosphere) might suffice. Grammatically, as a feminine noun, it requires appropriate adjective agreements (e.g., "высокая стратосфера" for "high stratosphere"). English learners should note that Russian scientific vocabulary often borrows from English, making pronunciation a key challenge.

Common Errors:

• Confusing "стратосфера" with "тропосфера": English learners often mix up atmospheric layers. Incorrect: "Тропосфера простирается до 50 километров" (wrongly stating the troposphere extends to 50 km). Correct: "Стратосфера простирается от 10 до 50 километров." Explanation: The troposphere is the lower layer, so always double-check the altitude range in context.

• Mispronouncing the word: Learners might stress the wrong syllable, e.g., saying /ˈstrətɐsfɛrə/ instead of /strətɐˈsferə/. Incorrect pronunciation can lead to misunderstandings in oral presentations. Correct: Practice with audio resources to master the stress on the third syllable.

• Using it in plural without context: Incorrect: "Стратосферы" when referring to a single layer. Correct: Use singular unless discussing multiple instances, e.g., "разные стратосферы планет" for "stratospheres of different planets." Explanation: In Russian, atmospheric layers are typically singular unless comparative.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and science, the stratosphere holds significance due to Russia's historical contributions to atmospheric research and space exploration. For instance, Soviet scientists like Sergey Korolev played key roles in high-altitude flights and studies of the stratosphere, which ties into Russia's space race legacy. This term often evokes themes of exploration and environmental protection in Russian media, reflecting national pride in scientific achievements.

Related Concepts:

• тропосфера
• мезосфера
• термосфера
• атмосфера