Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'stipulate'

English Word: stipulate

Key Russian Translations:

• предусматривать [prʲɪdusˈmatʲrʲɪvətʲ] - [Formal, used in legal or contractual contexts]
• указывать [uˈkazɨvətʲ] - [Informal, general specification]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in formal writing, legal documents, and business agreements)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of verb conjugations and formal language structures. For 'предусматривать': B2; for 'указывать': B1)

Pronunciation (Russian):

предусматривать: [prʲɪdusˈmatʲrʲɪvətʲ]

Note on предусматривать: The stress falls on the third syllable; be cautious with the soft 'т' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers due to its palatalization.

указывать: [uˈkazɨvətʲ]

Note on указывать: The initial 'у' is pronounced as a short vowel; this verb has a straightforward pronunciation but varies slightly in rapid speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: To specify or demand as a condition in an agreement

Translation(s) & Context:

• предусматривать - Used in formal contexts like contracts or laws to indicate something is stipulated in advance (e.g., in legal documents).
• указывать - Applied in everyday or semi-formal situations to mean specifying details without the binding connotation (e.g., in instructions or conversations).

Usage Examples:

• В контракте предусматривается, что все платежи должны быть сделаны в срок.

  In the contract, it is stipulated that all payments must be made on time.

• Он указал в письме, что товар должен быть доставлен к концу недели.

  He stipulated in the letter that the goods should be delivered by the end of the week.

• Договор предусматривает штрафы за несоблюдение сроков.

  The agreement stipulates penalties for failing to meet deadlines.

• В инструкции указано, как правильно собрать мебель.

  The instructions stipulate how to assemble the furniture correctly.

• Закон предусматривает обязательные проверки безопасности.

  The law stipulates mandatory safety checks.

Secondary Meaning: To arrange or make a condition (less common)

Translation(s) & Context:

• предусматривать - In planning or predictive contexts, implying foresight (e.g., in project management).

Usage Examples:

• Проект предусматривает дополнительные расходы на непредвиденные обстоятельства.

  The project stipulates additional costs for unforeseen circumstances.

• В плане указано, что встречи должны проводиться еженедельно.

  The plan stipulates that meetings should be held weekly.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'предусматривать' (verb, imperfective): This is an imperfective verb that follows the first conjugation pattern. It has regular inflections but can be irregular in some aspects due to its prefix.

For 'указывать' (verb, imperfective): Also first conjugation, with regular inflections.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • предписывать (predpisyvat') - More authoritative, often used in regulations.
  • требовать (trebovat') - Implies demanding, with a stronger sense of necessity.
• Antonyms:
  • игнорировать (ignorirovat') - To ignore or disregard.
  • отменять (otmenyat') - To cancel or revoke.

Related Phrases:

• Предусмотреть в контракте - To stipulate in a contract (used for formal agreements).
• Указать условия - To specify conditions (common in negotiations).
• Как указано в документе - As stipulated in the document (refers to written specifications).

Usage Notes:

'Предусматривать' is the more precise translation for 'stipulate' in legal or formal contexts, as it conveys foresight and obligation, while 'указывать' is better for everyday instructions. English users should note that Russian verbs require conjugation based on subject and tense, which can affect word choice. In formal writing, always pair these with appropriate prepositions like 'в' (in) for contexts.

• Choose 'предусматривать' for binding agreements to match the exact nuance of 'stipulate'.
• Avoid using these verbs in informal speech unless emphasizing clarity.

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse 'предусматривать' with 'предвидеть' (to foresee), using it incorrectly in non-contractual contexts. For example:

• Incorrect: Я предусматриваю погоду завтра. (Wrong: This implies stipulating the weather, which doesn't make sense.)
• Correct: Я предвижу, что погода будет хорошая. (Right: Use 'предвидеть' for prediction.)
• Another error is forgetting conjugation: Incorrectly saying 'предусматривать' instead of 'предусматривает' for third person.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and legal systems, words like 'предусматривать' reflect a strong emphasis on detailed regulations, influenced by historical bureaucratic traditions from the Soviet era. This can make Russian contracts more exhaustive than their English counterparts, highlighting the importance of precision in official matters.

Related Concepts:

• договор (dogovor) - Contract
• условия (usloviya) - Conditions
• регулирование (regulirovanie) - Regulation