Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'stigma'

English Word: stigma

Key Russian Translations:

• стигма [ˈstɪɡmə] - [Formal, often used in psychological or social contexts]
• рыльце [ˈrɨlʲtsə] - [Formal, specific to botanical contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in academic, medical, and social discussions, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of abstract concepts and loanwords for 'стигма', while 'рыльце' is more straightforward for learners with basic vocabulary)

Pronunciation (Russian):

стигма: [ˈstɪɡmə]

рыльце: [ˈrɨlʲtsə]

Note on стигма: The stress is on the first syllable, and the 'г' is pronounced as a soft [ɡ] in formal speech. Variations may occur in regional dialects.

Note on рыльце: The 'ы' sound is a distinct back vowel; learners often confuse it with 'и'. Pronounce it with a slight palatalization on the 'л'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Social or psychological stigma (e.g., a mark of disgrace)

Translation(s) & Context:

• стигма - Used in formal discussions about social issues, psychology, or discrimination; common in academic or professional settings.

Usage Examples:

• Социальная стигма часто мешает людям обращаться за помощью.

  Social stigma often prevents people from seeking help.

• В современном обществе стигма вокруг психических расстройств постепенно ослабевает.

  In modern society, the stigma around mental disorders is gradually weakening.

• Эта кампания направлена на борьбу со стигмой, связанной с ВИЧ.

  This campaign is aimed at fighting the stigma associated with HIV.

• Стигма может привести к социальной изоляции индивида.

  Stigma can lead to the social isolation of an individual.

Botanical stigma (e.g., the part of a flower)

Translation(s) & Context:

• рыльце - Used in scientific or educational contexts related to botany; refers specifically to the receptive part of the pistil.

Usage Examples:

• Рыльце цветка играет ключевую роль в процессе опыления.

  The stigma of the flower plays a key role in the pollination process.

• В микроскопе мы видим, как пыльца прикрепляется к рыльцу.

  Under the microscope, we can see how pollen attaches to the stigma.

• Рыльце у разных растений имеет различную форму и размер.

  The stigma in different plants has various shapes and sizes.

• Биологи изучают, как рыльце реагирует на внешние факторы.

  Biologists study how the stigma responds to external factors.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'стигма' and 'рыльце' are feminine nouns in Russian, which follow standard inflection patterns for third-declension nouns. 'Стигма' is a loanword and inflects regularly, while 'рыльце' is a diminutive form and may vary slightly.

Note: These inflections are regular; no irregularities are common for these words.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • позор (pozor) - Similar to stigma in social contexts, implying shame.
  • клеймо (kley mo) - Often used interchangeably with стигма for social marking, but with a connotation of branding.
• Antonyms:
  • принятие (prin yati ye) - Acceptance, opposite in social contexts.
  • норма (nor ma) - Norm, contrasting with abnormality implied by стигма.

Related Phrases:

• Социальная стигма - Social stigma; a common phrase in discussions about discrimination.
• Преодолеть стигму - To overcome stigma; used in motivational or therapeutic contexts.
• Рыльце пестика - Stigma of the pistil; a technical phrase in botany.

Usage Notes:

• 'Стигма' directly borrows from English and is used in formal Russian for social concepts, but avoid it in casual speech where 'позор' might be more natural.
• 'Рыльце' is specific to scientific contexts; ensure the audience understands botanical terms before using.
• When choosing between translations, use 'стигма' for abstract, modern discussions and 'рыльце' for literal, physical descriptions.
• Grammatically, both nouns require agreement in gender, number, and case with accompanying words.

Common Errors:

• Error: Misusing 'стигма' as a verb (e.g., saying *стигмить* instead of using a proper verb like 'наносить стигму').
  Correct: Use 'прикреплять стигму' in social contexts or stick to nominal forms.
  Explanation: Russian doesn't verbify loanwords like English; this can confuse learners from verb-heavy languages.
• Error: Confusing 'рыльце' with 'пестик' (pistil), leading to imprecise botanical descriptions.
  Correct: Specify 'рыльце' only for the stigma part.
  Explanation: Overgeneralization; learners should memorize exact terms to avoid ambiguity in scientific writing.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'стигма' often relates to historical contexts like the Soviet era's stigmatization of mental health or dissidents, reflecting a legacy of social control. This adds a layer of historical depth, making it a sensitive term in discussions about personal rights and societal norms.

Related Concepts:

• дискриминация (diskriminatsiya)
• психическое здоровье (psikhicheskoye zdorov'ye)
• опыление (opyleniye)