Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'scientific'

English Word: scientific

Key Russian Translations:

• научный /naʊtʃ.nɨj/ - [Adjective, Formal, Used in academic or technical contexts]
• научно-исследовательский /naʊtʃ.no.ɪs.slɛ.dɐ.vɐ.tɛlʲ.skʲɪj/ - [Adjective, Formal, Often used for research-oriented contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in educational, technical, and professional writing, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian adjective declensions and formal vocabulary)

Pronunciation (Russian):

научный: /naʊtʃ.nɨj/

научно-исследовательский: /naʊtʃ.no.ɪs.slɛ.dɐ.vɐ.tɛlʲ.skʲɪj/

Note on научный: The stress is on the second syllable (na-ÚCH-nyy), and the 'ы' sound can be challenging for English speakers as it doesn't have a direct equivalent; it's similar to a short 'i' in "bit" but more centralized.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Relating to science or the scientific method (e.g., based on empirical evidence and systematic study)

Translation(s) & Context:

• научный - Used in formal contexts like academic papers or discussions about research.
• научно-исследовательский - Applied in contexts involving research institutions or experimental work.

Usage Examples:

• Этот подход является научным методом исследования. (This approach is a scientific method of research.)

  English: This approach is a scientific method of research.

• В университете преподают научные дисциплины, такие как физика и химия. (At the university, they teach scientific disciplines such as physics and chemistry.)

  English: At the university, they teach scientific disciplines such as physics and chemistry.

• Научно-исследовательский центр разрабатывает новые технологии. (The scientific research center is developing new technologies.)

  English: The scientific research center is developing new technologies.

• Её работа в лаборатории имеет научный характер. (Her work in the laboratory has a scientific nature.)

  English: Her work in the laboratory has a scientific nature.

Meaning 2: Characterized by objectivity and systematic analysis (e.g., in non-academic contexts like decision-making)

Translation(s) & Context:

• научный - Informal or semi-formal use, such as in everyday discussions about logical thinking.

Usage Examples:

• В повседневной жизни важно применять научный подход к проблемам. (In everyday life, it's important to apply a scientific approach to problems.)

  English: In everyday life, it's important to apply a scientific approach to problems.

• Его аргументы были научными и убедительными. (His arguments were scientific and convincing.)

  English: His arguments were scientific and convincing.

• Научный анализ данных помогает в бизнесе. (Scientific analysis of data helps in business.)

  English: Scientific analysis of data helps in business.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "научный" and "научно-исследовательский" are adjectives in Russian, which means they inflect according to gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives follow a standard adjectival declension pattern, but "научный" is regular, while longer compounds like "научно-исследовательский" may feel more complex due to their length.

For "научно-исследовательский", it follows the same pattern but is less commonly used in isolation and often remains unchanged in compound phrases.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • исследовательский (research-oriented, often interchangeable in scientific contexts)
  • академический (academic, with a focus on scholarly environments)
• Antonyms:
  • ненаучный (non-scientific, lacking empirical basis)
  • эмпирический (empirical, but can imply less structured than научный)

Related Phrases:

• научный метод - (Scientific method; a systematic approach to investigation in science.)
• научно-популярный - (Popular science; refers to accessible explanations of scientific concepts for the general public.)
• научный прогресс - (Scientific progress; advancement in knowledge through research.)

Usage Notes:

"Научный" directly corresponds to "scientific" in English but is more commonly used in formal or academic settings in Russian. Be cautious with word order in sentences, as Russian adjectives typically precede the noun they modify, similar to English. When choosing between translations like "научный" and "научно-исследовательский", opt for the latter in contexts involving active research; otherwise, "научный" suffices. Grammar note: Always decline the adjective to match the noun's case, gender, and number to avoid errors in formal writing.

Common Errors:

• English learners often forget to decline "научный" correctly, e.g., saying "Я читаю научный книга" instead of "Я читаю научную книгу" (I am reading a scientific book). Correct: Ensure the adjective agrees with the noun's gender and case.

• Confusing it with "научный" vs. "научно", e.g., using "научно" as an adverb incorrectly in places where "scientifically" is intended, like "научно доказанный" (scientifically proven) vs. the wrong "научный доказанный". Explanation: "Научно" is the adverb form, so use it for manner, not attributes.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "научный" often carries connotations of the Soviet-era emphasis on science and technology, symbolizing progress and state-sponsored research. For instance, institutions like the Russian Academy of Sciences highlight how science is intertwined with national identity, making terms like "научный" not just descriptive but also culturally prestigious.

Related Concepts:

• биология (biology)
• физика (physics)
• исследование (research)