Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'souse'

English Word: souse

Key Russian Translations:

• мариновать [mɐˈrʲinəvətʲ] - [Informal, used in everyday cooking contexts]
• засаливать [zəsɐˈlʲivətʲ] - [Formal, often in traditional or regional contexts]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in culinary discussions but not in everyday casual speech)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of verb conjugations, but basic forms are straightforward for learners at this level)

Pronunciation (Russian):

мариновать: [mɐˈrʲinəvətʲ]

Note on мариновать: The stress falls on the second syllable ("ri"), which is common in Russian verbs. Be careful with the soft "r" sound, as it can be tricky for English speakers.

засаливать: [zəsɐˈlʲivətʲ]

Note on засаливать: This word has a softer "l" sound due to palatalization; practice with native audio to master the fluidity.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: To pickle or soak food in brine or vinegar (as a verb).

Translation(s) & Context:

• мариновать - Typically used in informal home cooking or recipes; implies a process of preserving with acidic liquids.
• засаливать - Used in more formal or traditional contexts, often for salting and preserving meats or fish.

Usage Examples:

• Я мариную огурцы в уксусе для зимних запасов.

  I souse cucumbers in vinegar for winter storage.

• Она засаливает рыбу, чтобы она дольше хранилась.

  She souses the fish to make it last longer.

• Мы маринуем овощи с травами для пикника.

  We souse vegetables with herbs for the picnic.

• В деревне люди засаливают мясо традиционным способом.

  In the village, people souse meat in the traditional way.

• Он маринует курицу перед жарением, чтобы усилить вкус.

  He souses chicken before grilling to enhance the flavor.

Meaning 2: A pickled or soaked dish (as a noun, e.g., a type of food).

Translation(s) & Context:

• заливное - Refers specifically to a jellied or soused dish, often in festive or formal meals.

Usage Examples:

• Это заливное из свинины – классическое русское блюдо.

  This souse of pork is a classic Russian dish.

• На празднике подают заливное с гарниром.

  At the holiday, they serve souse with a side dish.

• Заливное готовят из остатков мяса.

  Souse is made from leftover meat.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are verbs, which follow standard Russian conjugation patterns. For example, "мариновать" is a first-conjugation verb, while "засаливать" is also regular but may vary slightly based on context.

Note: These verbs are regular and do not have irregular inflections, making them relatively straightforward for learners.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • консервировать (konservirovat') - Similar to preserving, but more general for canning.
  • замачивать (zamachivat') - Focuses on soaking, with subtle differences in intensity.
• Antonyms:
  • сушить (sushit') - To dry, as opposed to soaking or pickling.

Related Phrases:

• Маринованные огурцы – Pickled cucumbers; a common side dish in Russian cuisine.
• Засолить капусту – To souse cabbage (e.g., for sauerkraut); used in winter preservation techniques.
• Домашнее заливное – Homemade souse dish; often implies a family recipe with cultural significance.

Usage Notes:

"Souse" as a verb translates most directly to "мариновать" in informal contexts, but "засаливать" is preferred for salting processes. Be mindful of regional variations in Russia, where these words might imply specific methods. For example, use "мариновать" in recipes involving vinegar, and avoid it in formal writing. When choosing between translations, consider the acidity level: "засаливать" is better for salt-based preservation.

Common Errors:

• Incorrect: *Я мариную рыбу в соли (This implies only salting, but "мариновать" often suggests acid). Correct: Я засаливаю рыбу в соли. Explanation: Learners often confuse the two verbs; "мариновать" requires an acidic element, while "засаливаю" is for salting alone.

• Incorrect: *Она мариновала овощи вчера (if no acid was used). Correct: Она замочила овощи вчера. Explanation: Overgeneralizing "мариновать" can lead to misuse; specify the method to match the context.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, sousing or pickling (e.g., via "мариновать" or "засаливать") is deeply tied to preservation traditions, especially in rural areas. It reflects historical needs for long winters, as seen in dishes like "заливное," which are staples at holidays like New Year's, symbolizing abundance and resourcefulness.

Related Concepts:

• консервация (konservatsiya)
• соленья (solen'ya)
• маринады (marinady)