Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'roll'

English Word: roll

Key Russian Translations:

• катить [kɐˈtʲitʲ] - [Verb, Informal, Used for physical rolling actions]
• скатывать [skɐˈtɨvətʲ] - [Verb, Formal, Used in contexts involving wrapping or rolling up]
• ролл [rol] - [Noun, Informal, Plural: роллы, Often used for food items like sushi rolls]
• булочка [buˈlɔt͡ɕkə] - [Noun, Informal, Plural: булочки, Used for bread rolls or small baked goods]

Frequency: Medium (Common in everyday conversation, especially in contexts like cooking, movement, or lists)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of verb conjugations and noun declensions for "катить" and "ролл", but "булочка" is A2 for beginners)

Pronunciation (Russian):

катить: [kɐˈtʲitʲ]

скатывать: [skɐˈtɨvətʲ]

ролл: [rol]

булочка: [buˈlɔt͡ɕkə]

Note on катить: The soft 'т' sound (as in [tʲ]) can be tricky for English speakers; it's similar to the 't' in "nature". Pronounce with emphasis on the second syllable.

Note on ролл: Borrowed from English, so it's pronounced similarly, but ensure a clear Russian accent with a rolled 'r' if possible.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: To move by turning over (Verb, e.g., rolling a ball)

Translation(s) & Context:

• катить - Used in informal, everyday contexts for physical movement, such as rolling an object downhill.
• скатывать - Applied in more formal or precise scenarios, like rolling dough in cooking.

Usage Examples:

• Я катил мяч по полю. (I was rolling the ball across the field.)

  Translation: I was rolling the ball across the field. (Shows verb in past tense, informal context.)

• Он скатывал тесто для пирога. (He was rolling out the dough for the pie.)

  Translation: He was rolling out the dough for the pie. (Illustrates use in a cooking scenario with imperfective aspect.)

• Дети любят катить обруч в парке. (Children love rolling the hoop in the park.)

  Translation: Children love rolling the hoop in the park. (Demonstrates habitual action in present tense.)

• Скатывай бумагу в трубочку. (Roll the paper into a tube.)

  Translation: Roll the paper into a tube. (Shows imperative form for commands.)

• Машина катит вниз по склону. (The car is rolling down the slope.)

  Translation: The car is rolling down the slope. (Indicates ongoing action in present tense.)

Meaning 2: A cylindrical object or food item (Noun, e.g., bread roll or sushi roll)

Translation(s) & Context:

• ролл - Common in modern contexts, especially for foreign foods like sushi, in informal or culinary discussions.
• булочка - Used for traditional baked goods, in everyday or familial settings.

Usage Examples:

• Я заказал ролл в суши-баре. (I ordered a roll at the sushi bar.)

  Translation: I ordered a roll at the sushi bar. (Context: Food ordering, plural form often used.)

• Булочка с маслом — мой любимый завтрак. (A roll with butter is my favorite breakfast.)

  Translation: A roll with butter is my favorite breakfast. (Shows noun in nominative case, everyday routine.)

• Эти роллы очень острые! (These rolls are very spicy!)

  Translation: These rolls are very spicy! (Demonstrates plural form and adjective agreement.)

• Купи свежую булочку в пекарне. (Buy a fresh roll at the bakery.)

  Translation: Buy a fresh roll at the bakery. (Imperative sentence with accusative case.)

• Роллы подают с соевым соусом. (Rolls are served with soy sauce.)

  Translation: Rolls are served with soy sauce. (Passive construction in a dining context.)

Meaning 3: A list or register (Noun, e.g., a roll of names)

Translation(s) & Context:

• список - Formal and general term for any kind of list or roll.

Usage Examples:

• Проверьте список участников. (Check the roll of participants.)

  Translation: Check the roll of participants. (Administrative context, accusative case.)

• Его имя в списке победителей. (His name is on the roll of winners.)

  Translation: His name is on the roll of winners. (Prepositional case for location.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For verbs like "катить" and "скатывать", these are imperfective verbs that follow standard first conjugation patterns. They change based on tense, aspect, and person.

Form	катить (Imperfective)	скатывать (Imperfective)
Infinitive	катить	скатывать
Present (1st person singular)	катю́	скатываю́
Present (3rd person singular)	катит	скатывает
Past (Singular)	катил	скатывал
Future (1st person singular)	буду катить	буду скатывать

For nouns like "ролл" and "булочка", "ролл" is indeclinable (does not change forms). "булочка" declines as a first-declension feminine noun:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	булочка	булочки
Genitive	булочки	булочек
Accusative	булочку	булочки

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • катить - качать (for rocking motion)
  • скатывать - сворачивать (for wrapping up)
  • ролл - рулет (for food rolls, with a more traditional connotation)
  • булочка - булка (similar for bread, but булка is larger)
• Antonyms:
  • катить - остановить (to stop)
  • скатывать - развернуть (to unroll)

Related Phrases:

• Катить волну - A phrase meaning "to ride the wave" (idiomatic for following trends).
• Скатывать в шар - Meaning "to roll into a ball" (used in contexts like playing or crafting).
• Ролл с лососем - "Salmon roll" (a common sushi phrase, referring to a specific food item).
• Свежая булочка - "Fresh roll" (often in bakery contexts, implying quality and immediacy).

Usage Notes:

• "Катить" is the most direct translation for "to roll" in motion contexts but is informal; use "скатывать" for more precise actions like in recipes.
• "Ролл" is a loanword, so it's neutral and widely used in urban settings; avoid in formal writing where "рулет" might be preferred.
• Grammar note: Verbs like "катить" require aspect agreement; pair with perfective forms (e.g., "скатить") for completed actions.
• When choosing between translations, consider context: "булочка" for traditional food, "ролл" for modern or foreign-influenced items.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "катить" interchangeably with "скатывать" without considering aspect. Incorrect: "Я скатить мяч" (grammatically wrong). Correct: "Я катил мяч" for ongoing action. Explanation: English speakers often overlook Russian's perfective/imperfective distinction.
• Error: Declining "ролл" as a regular noun. Incorrect: "Ролла" (attempted genitive). Correct: "Ролл" remains unchanged. Explanation: As an indeclinable loanword, it doesn't follow standard declension rules.

Cultural Notes:

"Ролл" reflects Russia's adoption of Japanese cuisine, especially since the 1990s, symbolizing globalization and urban food culture. In contrast, "булочка" ties to traditional Russian baking, evoking homey, familial meals from Slavic heritage.

Related Concepts:

• качение (rolling motion)
• свидание (date, as in a roll of film or list)
• пирожное (pastry, related to baked goods like булочка)