Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'revocation'

English Word: revocation

Key Russian Translations:

• отмена [ɐtˈmʲenə] - [Formal, commonly used in legal and administrative contexts]
• аннулирование [ɐnʊlʲɪrəˈvanʲɪje] - [Formal, Legal, often in contractual or official documents]
• отзыв [ɐtˈzɨv] - [Informal or specific, used when revoking permissions or statements]

Frequency: Medium (The word and its translations are encountered in formal writing, legal texts, and everyday discussions about cancellations, but not as common in casual speech.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of formal Russian vocabulary and basic noun declensions. For 'отмена', it's B2; for 'аннулирование', it may lean towards C1 due to its complexity in legal contexts.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

отмена: [ɐtˈmʲenə]

Note on отмена: The stress falls on the second syllable ('mʲenə'). Pay attention to the soft 'mʲ' sound, which is a common challenge for English speakers. This word is pronounced more fluidly in fast speech.

аннулирование: [ɐnʊlʲɪrəˈvanʲɪje]

Note on аннулирование: Stress is on the fourth syllable ('vanʲɪje'). The word features multiple soft consonants, making it tricky; practice with native audio for the rolling 'r' and palatalized sounds.

отзыв: [ɐtˈzɨv]

Note on отзыв: Stress on the second syllable ('zɨv'). The 'ы' sound is central and unrounded, which differs from English vowels.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The act of officially canceling or withdrawing something, such as a law, decision, or permission.

Translation(s) & Context:

• отмена - Used in general administrative or everyday contexts, such as canceling an event or policy; common in both spoken and written Russian.
• аннулирование - Applied in formal legal settings, like invalidating contracts; more precise for official documents.
• отзыв - Often for revoking statements, licenses, or invitations; can be less formal but still structured.

Usage Examples:

• Русский: Правительство объявило об отмене старого закона.

  English: The government announced the revocation of the old law.

• Русский: Суд вынес решение об аннулировании контракта из-за нарушения условий.

  English: The court issued a decision on the revocation of the contract due to breach of terms.

• Русский: Из-за плохой погоды произошел отзыв разрешения на полеты.

  English: Due to bad weather, the revocation of the flight permission occurred.

• Русский: Отмена указа президента вызвала общественные дебаты.

  English: The revocation of the president's decree sparked public debates.

• Русский: В компании объявили об отмене всех отпусков на неопределенный срок.

  English: The company announced the revocation of all vacations for an indefinite period.

Meaning 2: The process of taking back or nullifying a grant, privilege, or right.

Translation(s) & Context:

• аннулирование - Specifically for nullifying rights or privileges, as in legal or bureaucratic scenarios.
• отзыв - In contexts like withdrawing a product recall or a statement.

Usage Examples:

• Русский: Аннулирование лицензии произошло после аудита.

  English: The revocation of the license took place after the audit.

• Русский: Отзыв награды был неожиданным для лауреата.

  English: The revocation of the award was unexpected for the recipient.

• Русский: В результате расследования последовало аннулирование патента.

  English: As a result of the investigation, the revocation of the patent followed.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'Отмена' is a feminine noun (3rd declension). It follows standard Russian noun patterns with regular inflections for cases and numbers. Below is a table of its declensions:

'Аннулирование' is a neuter noun with similar regular inflections:

'Отзыв' (also masculine) is invariable in some contexts but follows standard patterns; it does not have irregular forms.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • упразднение (uprazhnenie) - Similar to abolition, but more about dismantling structures.
  • ликвидация (likvidatsiya) - Often used for complete elimination, with a connotation of permanence.
• Antonyms:
  • установление (ustanovlenie) - Establishment or creation of something.
  • подтверждение (podtverzhdenie) - Confirmation or validation.

Related Phrases:

• отмена контракта (otmena kontrakta) - Cancellation of a contract; used in business negotiations.
• аннулирование брака (annulirovanie braka) - Annulment of marriage; a legal term in family law.
• отзыв лицензии (otzyv litsenzii) - Revocation of a license; common in regulatory contexts.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'отмена' is the most straightforward translation for 'revocation' in everyday contexts, while 'аннулирование' is preferred for legal precision. English speakers should note that Russian often requires the appropriate case for the noun based on sentence structure—e.g., use genitive after prepositions like 'об' (about). Choose 'отзыв' for contexts involving personal statements or permissions. Be mindful of formality: 'отмена' works in both formal and informal settings, but 'аннулирование' is strictly formal.

Common Errors:

• Confusing 'отмена' with 'отказ' (otkaz, meaning refusal): Error - Using 'отказ' for revoking a law (e.g., "отказ закона"). Correct: "отмена закона". Explanation: 'Отказ' implies declining something new, not withdrawing something existing.
• Misusing cases: Error - Saying "об отмена" instead of "об отмене". Correct: "об отмене". Explanation: The prepositional case is required after 'об'.
• Overusing formal terms: Error - Using 'аннулирование' in casual speech. Correct: Opt for 'отмена' in everyday contexts. Explanation: This can sound overly bureaucratic and unnatural.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and legal systems, revocation (e.g., 'отмена' of decrees) often carries historical weight, as seen in Soviet-era policies where government revocations of rights were common. This can evoke themes of authority and reform, influencing how such terms are used in modern discussions about governance.

Related Concepts:

• закон (zakon) - Law
• договор (dogovor) - Contract
• лицензия (litsenziya) - License