Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'remunerate'

English Word: remunerate

Key Russian Translations:

• вознаграждать [IPA: vɐznɐˈɡraʒdətʲ] - [Formal, often used in professional or legal contexts]
• оплачивать [IPA: ɐplɐˈʧʲɪvətʲ] - [Formal, but more general for payment; less specific to rewards]

Frequency: Medium (Common in business, legal, and formal writing, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; involves understanding verb conjugations and formal language structures. For 'вознаграждать', it's B2 due to irregular aspects; for 'оплачивать', it's also B2.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

вознаграждать: vɐznɐˈɡraʒdətʲ

оплачивать: ɐplɐˈʧʲɪvətʲ

Note on вознаграждать: The stress falls on the third syllable; be cautious with the 'zh' sound, which is like the 's' in 'measure'. Pronunciation can vary slightly in rapid speech.

Note on оплачивать: The 'ch' sound is soft and palatalized; practice with native speakers for fluency.

Audio: []

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To pay or reward someone for services rendered

Translation(s) & Context:

• вознаграждать - Used in formal contexts, such as employment contracts or professional services, emphasizing reward over mere payment.
• оплачивать - Applied in broader payment scenarios, like bills or transactions, but can overlap when remuneration involves straightforward compensation.

Usage Examples:

• Компания вознаграждает сотрудников за их вклад в проект.

  The company remunerates employees for their contribution to the project.

• Он вознаграждает переводчика за выполненную работу щедрой суммой.

  He remunerates the translator with a generous amount for the work done.

• В контракте указано, как оплачивать услуги консультанта.

  The contract specifies how to remunerate the consultant's services.

• Правительство вознаграждает ученых за инновационные открытия.

  The government remunerates scientists for innovative discoveries.

• Банк оплачивать услуги адвоката по стандартным ставкам.

  The bank remunerates the lawyer's services at standard rates.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'вознаграждать' and 'оплачивать' are imperfective verbs in Russian, which means they describe ongoing or repeated actions. Russian verbs undergo conjugation based on tense, aspect, person, and number. 'вознаграждать' is somewhat irregular due to its prefix, while 'оплачивать' follows more standard patterns.

These verbs do not change based on gender in the infinitive form but do in past tense participles. They can form perfective aspects (e.g., 'вознаградить' for 'вознаграждать'), which are used for completed actions.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • награждать (naghrazhdat') - Similar to rewarding, but often implies honor or prizes.
  • возмещать (vozmeschat') - Focuses on compensating for losses, with subtle differences in context.
• Antonyms:
  • лишать (lishat') - To deprive, opposite in the sense of withholding payment.
  • отказывать (otkazyvat') - To refuse or deny, especially in granting rewards.

Related Phrases:

• вознаграждать за услуги - (To remunerate for services; used in professional agreements to specify payment for work.)
• оплачивать по тарифу - (To remunerate according to the rate; common in service industries for standard compensation.)
• вознаграждение за труд - (Remuneration for labor; a phrase emphasizing fair reward in employment contexts.)

Usage Notes:

'Remunerate' corresponds most closely to 'вознаграждать' when the context involves rewarding for specific achievements, as it carries a formal tone similar to English legal or business language. Use 'оплачивать' for more transactional payments. Be mindful of Russian's aspect system: choose imperfective for ongoing actions and perfective (e.g., 'вознаградить') for completed ones. In formal writing, these verbs often appear in contracts or official documents, so ensure subject-verb agreement based on person and number.

• When deciding between translations, opt for 'вознаграждать' if the remuneration implies merit; 'оплачивать' is better for routine payments.
• Grammar note: These verbs require a direct object in accusative case, e.g., "вознаграждать кого-то" (remunerate someone).

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse 'вознаграждать' with 'оплачивать', using the former for simple payments and vice versa. For example:

• Error: Saying "Я вознаграждаю за кофе" (meaning "I remunerate for coffee"), which implies a reward rather than a simple purchase.
• Correct: "Я плачу за кофе" (I pay for coffee). Explanation: Use 'оплачивать' for everyday transactions to avoid sounding overly formal.
• Another error: Incorrect conjugation, like "Я вознаграждать" instead of "Я вознаграждаю". Explanation: Always conjugate based on the subject; practice verb tables to master this.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, concepts of remuneration are often tied to Soviet-era labor traditions, where 'вознаграждение' might evoke ideas of state-awarded bonuses or honors. Today, it's commonly associated with modern employment laws, emphasizing fairness in compensation, which reflects Russia's evolving economic landscape.

Related Concepts:

• зарплата (salary)
• премия (bonus)
• возмещение (compensation)