Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'reliance'

English Word: reliance

Key Russian Translations:

• зависимость [zəvʲɪˈsʲiməsʲtʲ] - [Formal, often used in contexts of dependence or reliance on something]
• доверие [dɐˈvʲerʲɪje] - [Informal, emphasizing trust or reliance on a person or system]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in formal writing, business, and everyday discussions, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; requires understanding of noun declensions and contextual usage; for 'зависимость', it's B1; for 'доверие', it's A2-B1)

Pronunciation (Russian):

зависимость: [zəvʲɪˈsʲiməsʲtʲ]

доверие: [dɐˈvʲerʲɪje]

Note on зависимость: The stress falls on the third syllable; be careful with the palatalized 's' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers.

Note on доверие: Pronounce the 'e' at the end softly; it's a common word with slight regional variations in speed.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Dependence on something or someone for support or success

Translation(s) & Context:

• зависимость - Used in formal contexts like economics or psychology, e.g., reliance on technology in daily life.

Usage Examples:

• Моя зависимость от интернета мешает мне сосредоточиться на работе.

  My reliance on the internet hinders me from focusing on work.

• В современном мире экономическая зависимость стран друг от друга растет.

  In the modern world, the economic reliance of countries on each other is growing.

• Эта зависимость от импорта может привести к проблемам в случае кризиса.

  This reliance on imports could lead to problems in case of a crisis.

• Из-за своей зависимости от кофе он чувствует усталость без ежедневной чашки.

  Due to his reliance on coffee, he feels tired without a daily cup.

Meaning 2: Trust or confidence placed in someone or something

Translation(s) & Context:

• доверие - Used in interpersonal or professional contexts, e.g., reliance on a colleague's expertise.

Usage Examples:

• Его доверие к команде помогло проекту успешно завершиться.

  His reliance on the team helped the project finish successfully.

• В браке важно взаимное доверие, чтобы избежать конфликтов.

  In marriage, mutual reliance is important to avoid conflicts.

• Эта компания завоевала мое доверие благодаря качеству продукции.

  This company has earned my reliance through the quality of its products.

• Без доверия между партнерами бизнес не может процветать.

  Without reliance between partners, business cannot thrive.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'зависимость' and 'доверие' are feminine nouns in Russian, which means they follow the standard first-declension patterns. 'Зависимость' is a third-declension noun with irregularities, while 'доверие' is more straightforward.

Note: These nouns do not change for verb conjugations as they are not verbs, but they must agree in case, number, and gender with other words in a sentence.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • опора (opora) - More physical support, often used interchangeably in reliance contexts.
  • уверенность (uverenost') - Emphasizes confidence, with a subtle nuance of self-reliance.
• Antonyms:
  • независимость (nezavisimost') - Complete independence, contrasting with dependence.
  • сомнение (somnenie) - Doubt, opposing trust-based reliance.

Related Phrases:

• Зависимость от чего-либо - Reliance on something; used to describe habitual dependence, e.g., in addiction contexts.
• Потеря доверия - Loss of reliance; common in relationships or business to indicate broken trust.
• Взаимная зависимость - Mutual reliance; often in international relations or partnerships.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'зависимость' is the most direct translation for 'reliance' in contexts of dependence, such as on resources or habits, and is preferred in formal or academic settings. 'Доверие' better captures emotional or trust-based reliance, similar to 'reliance' in interpersonal scenarios. Be mindful of the noun's gender (feminine) when constructing sentences, as adjectives and verbs must agree. For English speakers, avoid direct word-for-word translation; instead, choose based on context—use 'зависимость' for material reliance and 'доверие' for abstract trust. In spoken Russian, these words often appear in compound phrases to add nuance.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'зависимость' interchangeably with 'доверие' without context, e.g., saying "Моя зависимость к другу" (My reliance on my friend) instead of "Мое доверие к другу".

  Correct: "Мое доверие к другу" – Explanation: 'Зависимость' implies addiction or heavy dependence, which can sound negative, while 'доверие' is neutral for trust.

• Error: Forgetting declension, e.g., using nominative in all cases: "Я думаю о зависимость" instead of "Я думаю о зависимости".

  Correct: "Я думаю о зависимости" – Explanation: The prepositional case requires the ending change to match the preposition 'о' (about).

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, concepts like 'зависимость' can carry a connotation of vulnerability, especially in historical contexts such as economic reliance on foreign powers during the Soviet era. 'Доверие' is highly valued in personal relationships, reflecting the cultural emphasis on loyalty and community, as seen in traditional proverbs like "Доверие — основа дружбы" (Trust is the foundation of friendship), which underscores the importance of mutual reliance in social bonds.

Related Concepts:

• самостоятельность (samostoyatelnost') - Self-reliance or independence.
• поддержка (podderzhka) - Support, often linked to reliance in group dynamics.
• риск (risk) - Risk, as reliance can involve elements of uncertainty.