Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'recurrence'

English Word: recurrence

Key Russian Translations:

• возобновление [vəzɐbnɐvˈlʲenʲɪje] - [Formal, General context]
• рецидив [rʲɪˈtsʲidʲɪf] - [Formal, Medical context]
• повторение [pɐftɐˈrʲenʲɪje] - [Informal, Everyday repetition]

Frequency: Medium (Common in formal writing, medical discussions, and everyday language, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary).

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate level; requires understanding of noun inflections and context-specific usage. For 'возобновление' and 'рецидив', it may be B2-C1 due to their formal nature, while 'повторение' is closer to B1.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

возобновление: [vəzɐbnɐvˈlʲenʲɪje]

Note on возобновление: The stress is on the fourth syllable ('lʲenʲɪje'), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft consonants. Pronounce it with a clear 'v' sound at the beginning.

рецидив: [rʲɪˈtsʲidʲɪf]

Note on рецидив: The 'rʲ' is a palatalized 'r', common in Russian; it sounds softer than in English. Stress on the second syllable.

повторение: [pɐftɐˈrʲenʲɪje]

Note on повторение: Stress on the third syllable; the 'f' is pronounced as in 'phone'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The fact of something happening again, often in a general or non-medical context.

Translation(s) & Context:

• возобновление - Used in formal discussions, such as historical events or patterns (e.g., in business or science).
• повторение - Used in informal or everyday contexts for simple repetition.

Usage Examples:

• Возобновление переговоров ожидается в следующем месяце.

  The recurrence of negotiations is expected next month.

• Повторение ошибок приводит к потере времени.

  The recurrence of mistakes leads to a loss of time.

• Без изменений, возобновление проблем неизбежно.

  Without changes, the recurrence of problems is inevitable.

• Его повторение историй на вечеринках раздражает друзей.

  His recurrence of stories at parties irritates his friends.

Meaning 2: The return of a disease or medical condition.

Translation(s) & Context:

• рецидив - Specifically used in medical contexts, such as oncology or psychology.

Usage Examples:

• Рецидив рака может произойти, если не соблюдать рекомендации врача.

  The recurrence of cancer can occur if doctor's recommendations are not followed.

• После рецидива инфекции пациенту потребовался дополнительный курс лечения.

  After the recurrence of the infection, the patient required an additional course of treatment.

• Рецидив депрессии часто связан со стрессовыми ситуациями.

  The recurrence of depression is often linked to stressful situations.

• Врачи мониторят пациентов на предмет возможного рецидива.

  Doctors monitor patients for possible recurrence.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

All key translations are nouns and follow standard Russian noun inflections. 'Возобновление' and 'рецидив' are neuter nouns, while 'повторение' is also neuter. They decline based on case and number.

These nouns are regular and do not have irregular inflections. In plural, they follow standard patterns, e.g., 'возобновления' (nominative plural).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • возобновление: восстановление (restoration, with a connotation of rebuilding)
  • рецидив: повторный приступ (recurrent attack, more descriptive in medical contexts)
  • повторение: репетиция (rehearsal, for repeated practice)
• Antonyms:
  • возобновление: прекращение (cessation)
  • рецидив: выздоровление (recovery)
  • повторение: оригинал (original, for something not repeated)

Related Phrases:

• Возобновление контактов - Renewal of contacts (Refers to re-establishing relationships after a break.)
• Рецидив заболевания - Recurrence of illness (Common in health discussions.)
• Повторение истории - Repetition of history (Used metaphorically for events repeating themselves.)

Usage Notes:

'Recurrence' translates differently based on context: use 'возобновление' for general or formal situations, 'рецидив' strictly in medical scenarios, and 'повторение' for informal repetition. Be mindful of noun cases in Russian sentences; for example, in genitive constructions like 'из-за возобновления' (because of the recurrence). English speakers often confuse 'повторение' with simple 'repetition', but it can imply learning or practice. Choose the translation based on register to avoid sounding unnatural.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'повторение' in a medical context instead of 'рецидив'.
  Correct: Рецидив рака (Recurrence of cancer)
  Explanation: 'Повторение' sounds too casual and doesn't convey the specific medical implication.
• Error: Incorrect inflection, e.g., saying 'возобновление' in dative as 'возобновления' instead of 'возобновлению'.
  Correct: О возобновлении событий (About the recurrence of events)
  Explanation: Proper case agreement is crucial in Russian to maintain grammatical accuracy.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like 'рецидив' are heavily used in literature and media to discuss historical events, such as the recurrence of social issues in Russian history (e.g., revolutions or economic crises). This reflects a cultural emphasis on cyclical patterns in life and society, often explored in Russian literature like Tolstoy's works.

Related Concepts:

• цикл (cycle)
• повтор (repeat)
• рецидивист (recidivist, in legal contexts)