Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'recidivism'

English Word: recidivism

Key Russian Translations:

• рецидив [rɪˈtsɪdɪv] - [Formal, Legal Context]

Frequency: Medium (Common in legal, criminological, and medical discussions, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; Requires familiarity with specialized vocabulary and Russian noun declensions)

Pronunciation (Russian):

рецидив: [rɪˈtsɪdɪv]

Note on рецидив: The stress falls on the second syllable ('tsɪ'). Pronunciation can vary slightly in fast speech, where the 'r' might be less pronounced.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning: The tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend or relapse into previous behavior, often in legal or psychological contexts.

Translation(s) & Context:

• рецидив - Used in formal legal, criminological, or medical settings to describe repeated criminal behavior or disease relapse.

Usage Examples:

• В суде обсуждался рецидив преступлений среди бывших заключённых.

  In court, the recidivism among former prisoners was discussed.

• Система реабилитации должна снижать риск рецидива у наркозависимых.

  The rehabilitation system should reduce the risk of recidivism among drug addicts.

• Статистика показывает рост рецидива среди молодых правонарушителей.

  Statistics show an increase in recidivism among young offenders.

• Рецидив может быть предотвращён с помощью эффективной социальной поддержки.

  Recidivism can be prevented through effective social support.

• В психологии рецидив часто связан с нерешенными травмами прошлого.

  In psychology, recidivism is often linked to unresolved past traumas.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Рецидив" is a masculine noun (мужской род) in Russian, belonging to the third declension. It follows standard patterns for masculine nouns ending in a consonant. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: This noun does not have irregular forms, making it relatively straightforward for learners once basic declension rules are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • возобновление (voznovleniye) - More general, implying renewal or resumption, often in non-criminal contexts.
  • повторение (povtoreniye) - Emphasizes repetition, but less specific to criminal behavior.
• Antonyms:
  • воздержание (vozderzhaniye) - Refers to abstinence or restraint from behavior.
  • реабилитация (reabilitatsiya) - Implies successful recovery or reform.

Related Phrases:

• повторный рецидив - Repeated recidivism; Refers to multiple instances of reoffending in a legal context.
• риск рецидива - Risk of recidivism; Used in discussions about prevention strategies.
• предотвращение рецидива - Prevention of recidivism; A common phrase in criminology for rehabilitation programs.

Usage Notes:

"Рецидив" directly corresponds to "recidivism" in English, particularly in formal contexts like law and medicine. It is typically used in written or professional speech rather than casual conversation. When choosing this translation, ensure the context involves repetition of negative behavior; for broader meanings, "возобновление" might be more appropriate. Grammatically, as a masculine noun, it must agree in gender, number, and case with accompanying words. For example, in sentences, pay attention to adjective agreements like "высокий риск рецидива" (high risk of recidivism).

Common Errors:

• Confusing "рецидив" with "рецидивист" (a person who recidivates). Incorrect: "Рецидив преступника" (meaning the act). Correct: "Рецидивист совершил преступление." Explanation: "Рецидив" is the act itself, while "рецидивист" is the noun for the offender, so use them distinctly to avoid semantic overlap.

• Misdeclining the noun in sentences. Incorrect: "Из-за рецидивов" (should be correct, but learners might forget plural forms). Correct: "Из-за рецидивов" is fine, but ensure proper case, e.g., don't say "рецидивом" when nominative is needed. Explanation: Russian nouns require case agreement, so double-check the sentence structure to match the intended grammatical role.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and legal systems, "рецидив" carries significant weight in discussions of criminal justice reform, influenced by historical contexts like the Soviet era's emphasis on rehabilitation over punishment. It often reflects broader societal views on recidivism as a failure of social support systems, highlighting the need for community-based interventions rather than solely punitive measures.

Related Concepts:

• преступность (prestupnost') - Crime rate or criminality.
• наказание (nakazaniye) - Punishment.
• реабилитация (reabilitatsiya) - Rehabilitation.