Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'roast'

English Word: roast

Key Russian Translations:

• жаркое [ʐarˈkoʲe] - [Noun, Formal, Singular; used for roasted meat dishes]
• жарить [ʐaˈrʲitʲ] - [Verb, Informal; used in everyday cooking contexts]
• высмеивать [vɨsˈmʲejɪvətʲ] - [Verb, Informal; slang for roasting someone, e.g., in humor or criticism]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in culinary contexts and casual conversations, but less frequent in formal or technical language)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; basic forms are straightforward for learners at this level, but inflections and contextual usage may require practice)

Pronunciation (Russian):

жаркое: [ʐarˈkoʲe]

жарить: [ʐaˈrʲitʲ]

высмеивать: [vɨsˈmʲejɪvətʲ]

Note on жаркое: The "ж" sound is a voiced retroflex fricative, which can be challenging for English speakers; it's similar to the "s" in "measure" but more guttural.

Note on жарить: Stress falls on the second syllable; be careful not to confuse with similar verbs like "жарить" variants in perfective aspect (e.g., "зажарить").

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: To cook food by dry heat (e.g., in an oven)

Translation(s) & Context:

• жарить - Used in everyday cooking scenarios, such as preparing meat or vegetables; informal and common in recipes.
• зажарить - Perfective form of жарить; used for completed actions, e.g., in formal instructions or narratives.

Usage Examples:

• Я жарю курицу в духовке для ужина. (Ya zharu kuritsu v dukhovke dlya uzhina.)

  I am roasting chicken in the oven for dinner. (Shows verb in present tense, everyday context.)

• Она зажарила овощи до золотистой корочки. (Ona zazharila ovoshchi do zolotistoy korki.)

  She roasted the vegetables until they had a golden crust. (Demonstrates perfective aspect in a descriptive sentence.)

• В ресторане шеф-повар жарит мясо на открытом огне. (V restorane shef-povar zharit myaso na otkrytom ogne.)

  In the restaurant, the chef is roasting meat over an open fire. (Illustrates professional context with additional details.)

• Не забудь жарить картофель с чесноком для аромата. (Ne zabud' zharit kartofel s chesnokom dlya aroma.)

  Don't forget to roast the potatoes with garlic for flavor. (Shows combination with other ingredients in an imperative sentence.)

Meaning 2: A piece of roasted meat or a dish

Translation(s) & Context:

• жаркое - Refers to a specific roasted dish, often a stew or roast; formal in culinary descriptions.
• жареное мясо - Literal for "roasted meat"; used in general contexts, especially in menus or shopping.

Usage Examples:

• Это жаркое из говядины очень вкусное. (Eto zharkoe iz govyadiny ochen' vkusnoye.)

  This roast beef is very tasty. (Simple nominative use in a positive review.)

• В магазине продают свежее жаркое для праздничного стола. (V magazine prodajut svezheye zharkoe dlya prazdnicheskogo stola.)

  In the store, they sell fresh roast for the holiday table. (Contextualizes in a shopping or festive setting.)

• Гости оценили приготовленное жаркое по рецепту бабушки. (Gosti otsenili prigotovlennoe zharkoe po retseptu babushki.)

  The guests appreciated the roast prepared according to grandma's recipe. (Highlights traditional or familial context.)

• Жаркое подают с гарниром из овощей. (Zharkoe podajut s garnirom iz ovoshchey.)

  The roast is served with a vegetable side dish. (Demonstrates pairing in a meal description.)

Meaning 3: To mock or criticize humorously (slang)

Translation(s) & Context:

• высмеивать - Informal, used in social or comedic situations; equivalent to "roasting" someone in English banter.

Usage Examples:

• Друзья любят высмеивать его за забавные истории. (Druz'ya lyubyat vysmeyivat' yego za zabavnyye istorii.)

  Friends love to roast him for his funny stories. (Informal, social context with ongoing action.)

• В шоу комик высмеивал политиков на сцене. (V shou komik vysmeyival politikov na scene.)

  In the show, the comedian roasted politicians on stage. (Performance or public context.)

• Не стоит высмеивать чужие ошибки публично. (Ne stoit vysmeyivat' chuzhiye oshibki publichno.)

  Don't roast someone else's mistakes publicly. (Advisory tone, emphasizing sensitivity.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For жаркое (neuter noun):

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	жаркое	жаркие
Genitive	жаркого	жарких
Dative	жаркому	жарким
Accusative	жаркое	жаркие
Instrumental	жарким	жаркими
Prepositional	жарком	жарких

For жарить (verb, imperfective):

Aspect	Present Tense	Past Tense
1st Person Singular	я жарю	я жарил(а)
2nd Person Singular	ты жаришь	ты жарил(а)
3rd Person Singular	он/она жарит	он жарил

высмеивать follows standard verb conjugation; it is irregular in some aspects but generally straightforward.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: печеное (pechenoye - baked), обжаривать (objarivat' - to fry quickly)
• Antonyms: варить (varit' - to boil), for cooking contexts; хвалить (khalit' - to praise), for the mocking sense

Related Phrases:

• Жарить на гриле - To roast on the grill (used for barbecue-style cooking).
• Высмеивать в шутку - To roast in jest (implies light-hearted mockery in social settings).
• Жаркое по-домашнему - Home-style roast (a common phrase in Russian cuisine for traditional preparations).

Usage Notes:

The English word "roast" corresponds closely to "жарить" in cooking contexts, but Russian often distinguishes between perfective (e.g., зажарить for completed actions) and imperfective forms. Use "жаркое" for nouns to avoid confusion with English "roast" as a dish. In slang, "высмеивать" is more neutral than harsher terms like "осмеивать." Beginners should note gender and case agreements, as "жаркое" is neuter and requires matching adjectives.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "жарить" without specifying aspect, e.g., saying "я жарю" when a completed action is meant. Correct: Use "зажарить" for finished roasting. Explanation: Russian verbs require aspect to convey completion, unlike English.
• Error: Confusing "жаркое" with "жареное," e.g., treating them as identical. Correct: "Жаркое" is a specific dish; "жареное" means generally fried or roasted. Explanation: This can lead to menu misunderstandings in Russian-speaking countries.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "жаркое" often evokes traditional family meals, such as those during holidays like New Year's Eve, where roasted meats symbolize warmth and abundance. The slang use of "высмеивать" reflects a humorous, self-deprecating style in Russian comedy, seen in shows like "KVN," where light roasting is a social norm.

Related Concepts:

• варёное (boiled)
• печёное (baked)
• осмеивать (to mock harshly)