Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'puncture'

English Word: puncture

Key Russian Translations:

• Прокол [ˈprokəl] - [Noun, Formal]
• Прокалывать [prəkɐˈlʲɪvətʲ] - [Verb, Formal]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in medical, mechanical, or everyday contexts, such as tire repair or injuries)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; requires basic understanding of Russian noun and verb inflections, but not advanced)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Прокол: [ˈprokəl]

Note on Прокол: Stress on the first syllable; the 'o' is pronounced as a short vowel, common in Russian nouns.

Audio: []

Прокалывать: [prəkɐˈlʲɪvətʲ]

Note on Прокалывать: Stress on the third syllable; the 'ы' sound can be tricky for English speakers, similar to a softened 'i'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

As a noun: A hole or wound caused by piercing, often in medical or mechanical contexts.

Translation(s) & Context:

• Прокол - Used for a physical hole or puncture, such as in a tire or skin; common in formal or technical descriptions.

Usage Examples:

• У машины был прокол в задней шине, из-за чего пришлось вызвать помощь.

  The car had a puncture in the rear tire, so we had to call for help.

• Врач обработал прокол на руке пациента после инъекции.

  The doctor treated the puncture on the patient's arm after the injection.

• Из-за прокола в трубе вся вода вытекла из системы.

  Due to the puncture in the pipe, all the water leaked out of the system.

• Прокол в оболочке фрукта сделал его непригодным для еды.

  The puncture in the fruit's skin made it unfit for eating.

As a verb: To pierce or make a hole, often intentionally or accidentally.

Translation(s) & Context:

• Прокалывать - Used for the action of piercing, such as in medical procedures or accidents; applicable in both literal and metaphorical contexts.

Usage Examples:

• Механик пришлось прокалывать шину, чтобы проверить давление.

  The mechanic had to puncture the tire to check the pressure.

• Врачи прокалывают кожу для введения вакцины.

  Doctors puncture the skin to administer the vaccine.

• Острый шип прокалывает ткань, оставляя след на одежде.

  The sharp thorn punctures the fabric, leaving a mark on the clothing.

• Иногда приходится прокалывать надувной матрас, чтобы выпустить воздух.

  Sometimes you have to puncture an air mattress to release the air.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For Прокол (Noun, masculine, first declension): This is a regular noun with standard inflections based on Russian case and number systems. It does not have irregularities.

For Прокалывать (Verb, imperfective): This is an imperfective verb that follows the standard first conjugation pattern. It has aspects and can be paired with its perfective counterpart (проколоть). Inflections vary by tense, person, and number.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Отверстие (slightly more general, for any hole)
  • Пробой (used in technical contexts, e.g., electrical puncture)
• Antonyms:
  • Зашивать (to sew up or close a hole)
  • Залеплять (to seal or patch)

Related Phrases:

• Получить прокол - To get a puncture (e.g., in a tire); used in everyday situations like driving.
• Прокалывать ухо - To pierce an ear (common in personal care or jewelry contexts).
• Медицинский прокол - A medical puncture (refers to procedures like injections).

Usage Notes:

"Puncture" as "прокол" is a direct noun equivalent in Russian, often used in formal or technical settings like medicine or mechanics. For the verb form, "прокалывать" is imperfective, implying an ongoing or repeated action, while its perfective counterpart "проколоть" is used for completed actions—choose based on context. Be mindful of Russian case inflections; for example, use the accusative case after verbs like "сделать" (to make). This word is neutral in tone but may carry urgency in emergency scenarios.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using "прокол" interchangeably with "пробоина" (which implies a larger breach). Correct: Прокол (small puncture) vs. пробоина (major hole). Example: "У меня прокол в шине" (I have a puncture in the tire) instead of "пробоина".
• Mistake: Forgetting verb aspects; saying "Я прокалываю" when a completed action is needed. Correct: Use "проколоть" for one-time events, e.g., "Я проколол шину" (I punctured the tire).

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "прокол" in the context of tires is a common frustration for drivers, especially in rural areas with poor roads, reflecting broader themes of resilience and improvisation in everyday life. Historically, medical punctures have been linked to traditional practices like bloodletting in folklore.

Related Concepts:

• Рана (wound)
• Шина (tire)
• Инъекция (injection)