Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'pulverization'

English Word: pulverization

Key Russian Translations:

• измельчение [IPA: ɪzˈmʲelʲt͡ɕɪnʲɪje] - [Formal, Technical]
• дробление [IPA: ˈdroblʲenʲɪje] - [Formal, often used in industrial or scientific contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in technical and scientific literature, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of technical vocabulary and noun declensions in Russian)

Pronunciation (Russian):

измельчение: [IPA: ɪzˈmʲelʲt͡ɕɪnʲɪje]

дробление: [IPA: ˈdroblʲenʲɪje]

Note on измельчение: The stress falls on the second syllable; the palatalized 'л' sound can be challenging for beginners. Pronounce it with a soft 'l' as in 'million'.

Note on дробление: The initial 'д' is unaspirated; focus on the soft 'л' for accurate pronunciation.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The process of reducing something to powder or fine particles (e.g., in chemistry, manufacturing)

Translation(s) & Context:

• измельчение - Used in formal scientific or industrial contexts, such as describing particle size reduction in materials science.
• дробление - Applied in contexts involving mechanical breaking, like rock crushing or food processing.

Usage Examples:

• В процессе измельчения минералов получают порошки для фармацевтики.

  In the process of pulverization of minerals, powders for pharmaceuticals are obtained.

• Дробление древесины позволяет создать опилки для производства плит.

  Pulverization of wood allows for the creation of sawdust for board production.

• Измельчение специй улучшает их вкус в кулинарных рецептах.

  Pulverization of spices enhances their flavor in culinary recipes.

• В лаборатории дробление образцов проводится с помощью специального оборудования.

  In the laboratory, pulverization of samples is carried out using specialized equipment.

• Технология измельчения используется в производстве порошковых красок.

  Pulverization technology is used in the production of powder paints.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "измельчение" and "дробление" are neuter nouns in Russian, following the standard second declension pattern. They are invariable in terms of gender but change according to case and number. Below is a table for their nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, and prepositional forms in singular and plural:

Note: These nouns do not have irregular forms, making them relatively straightforward for learners at B2 level.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • помол (pomol) - More specific to grinding grains or substances into powder.
  • рассеивание (rasseivanie) - Implies dispersion into fine particles, often in a broader context.
• Antonyms:
  • сборка (sborka) - Assembly or putting together, opposite of breaking down.
  • укрепление (ukrepleniye) - Strengthening or consolidation, contrasting with pulverization.

Related Phrases:

• Измельчение в порошок - "Pulverization into powder"; Used in contexts like food processing or pharmaceuticals.
• Механическое дробление - "Mechanical pulverization"; Refers to industrial machinery for breaking materials.
• Тонкое измельчение - "Fine pulverization"; Indicates a high level of refinement, e.g., in chemical engineering.

Usage Notes:

"Измельчение" and "дробление" are precise translations for "pulverization" in technical English, but choose based on context: use "измельчение" for grinding into fine powder and "дробление" for coarser breaking. Both are formal and appear in scientific writing; avoid in casual speech. Grammatically, they must agree with case and number in sentences, e.g., "процесс измельчения" (the process of pulverization). English learners should note that Russian often requires prepositions like "в" for "into" when describing results.

Common Errors:

• Confusing "измельчение" with "измельчать" (a verb meaning "to pulverize"). Error: Saying "Я измельчение" instead of "Я провожу измельчение". Correct: Use the noun form properly in context, e.g., "Процесс измельчения" for "The pulverization process". Explanation: "Измельчение" is a noun, not a verb, so it doesn't conjugate like one.

• Improper declension, e.g., using nominative in all cases. Error: "Я думаю об измельчение" instead of "Я думаю об измельчении". Correct: "об измельчении" (prepositional case). Explanation: Russian nouns change endings based on case, which is crucial for grammatical accuracy.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian scientific and industrial contexts, terms like "измельчение" reflect a historical emphasis on engineering and manufacturing, influenced by the Soviet era's focus on heavy industry. This vocabulary is common in modern Russian technical education, highlighting Russia's strong tradition in fields like metallurgy and chemistry.

Related Concepts:

• помол
• рассеивание
• гриндинг (as a borrowed term, but less common)