Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'proportion'

English Word: proportion

Key Russian Translations:

• пропорция [prəˈpɔrtsʲɪjə] - [Formal, Mathematical context]
• доля [ˈdolʲə] - [Informal, Referring to a share or portion]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in academic, scientific, and everyday contexts, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary).

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of basic noun declensions and contexts, but accessible to learners with intermediate Russian proficiency).

Pronunciation (Russian):

пропорция: [prəˈpɔrtsʲɪjə]

доля: [ˈdolʲə]

Note on пропорция: The stress falls on the third syllable, which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft 'ц' sound; practice with native audio for accuracy.

Note on доля: The 'я' at the end is a soft vowel, often pronounced lightly; it may vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A ratio or comparative relation between things (e.g., in mathematics or measurements).

Translation(s) & Context:

• пропорция - Used in formal or scientific contexts, such as discussing ratios in geometry or statistics.

Usage Examples:

• В математике пропорция между сторонами треугольника важна для расчётов.

  In mathematics, the proportion between the sides of a triangle is important for calculations.

• Эта пропорция ингредиентов делает блюдо идеальным.

  This proportion of ingredients makes the dish perfect.

• Установление пропорции в дизайне помогает достичь гармонии.

  Establishing proportion in design helps achieve harmony.

• Пропорция роста населения влияет на экономику страны.

  The proportion of population growth influences the country's economy.

Meaning 2: A part or share of a whole (e.g., in distribution or allocation).

Translation(s) & Context:

• доля - Used in everyday or informal contexts, such as dividing resources or discussing portions.

Usage Examples:

• Его доля в проекте была небольшой, но значимой.

  His proportion in the project was small but significant.

• Доля рынка компании увеличилась за последний год.

  The company's market proportion increased over the last year.

• В распределении прибыли каждый получает свою долю.

  In profit distribution, everyone gets their own proportion.

• Её доля в семейном бизнесе помогла развитию.

  Her proportion in the family business helped its development.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For "пропорция" (feminine noun, 1st declension):

It follows regular feminine noun patterns with no irregularities.

For "доля" (feminine noun, 1st declension, with some contextual variations):

This word is invariant in some poetic or archaic uses but generally follows standard rules.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • соотношение (sootnosheniye) - More general, often used for relationships or ratios.
  • часть (chast') - Emphasizes a segment or portion, with subtle differences in formality.
• Antonyms:
  • диспропорция (disproportsiya) - Used for imbalance or lack of proportion.
  • неравенство (neravenstvo) - Highlights inequality, especially in social or mathematical contexts.

Related Phrases:

• В прямой пропорции (v pryamoy proporcii) - In direct proportion; used in scientific or mathematical discussions.
• Доля участия (dolya uchastiya) - Share of participation; common in business or legal contexts.
• Сохранить пропорции (sohranit' proporcii) - To maintain proportions; often in design or cooking for balance.

Usage Notes:

"Пропорция" directly corresponds to the mathematical or balanced sense of "proportion" in English and is preferred in formal writing, while "доля" fits informal or distributive contexts. Be mindful of Russian's case system; for example, use genitive for possession (e.g., "доли компании" for "the company's proportion"). In spoken Russian, "доля" may carry emotional connotations, so choose based on context. If multiple translations apply, opt for "пропорция" in technical scenarios for precision.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing "пропорция" with "пропорциональный" (proportsional'nyy, meaning proportional as an adjective). Correct: Use "пропорция" for the noun form; e.g., Incorrect: "Это пропорциональный." Correct: "Это пропорция." Explanation: "Пропорциональный" describes relationships, not the concept itself.

• Error: Forgetting declensions, such as using nominative in all cases. Correct: In genitive, say "пропорции" instead of "пропорция"; e.g., Incorrect: "Я думаю о пропорция." Correct: "Я думаю о пропорции." Explanation: Russian nouns change based on grammatical role, which English speakers often overlook.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, concepts like "пропорция" are emphasized in art and literature, influenced by historical figures like Peter the Great's emphasis on balanced proportions in architecture (e.g., in St. Petersburg's design). "Доля" can evoke themes of fate or destiny in folklore, as in folk tales where one's "доля" represents their life share, adding a poetic layer not always present in English usage.

Related Concepts:

• соотношение
• баланс
• расстояние