Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'prolonged'

English Word: prolonged

Key Russian Translations:

• затянувшийся [zətʲɪˈnuvʂɪjɪsʲ] - [Informal, often used for events or processes that have dragged on unexpectedly]
• продленный [prədˈlʲɛnnɨj] - [Formal, used in official or technical contexts for something intentionally extended]

Frequency: Medium - The word and its translations appear regularly in discussions about time, health, or events, but not in everyday casual conversation.

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) - Involves understanding Russian adjective forms and participles; "затянувшийся" may be slightly more challenging due to its aspectual nuances, while "продленный" aligns more directly with basic adjective patterns.

Pronunciation (Russian):

затянувшийся: [zətʲɪˈnuvʂɪjɪsʲ]

Note on затянувшийся: This is a past passive participle form, which can be tricky for learners due to the soft sign (щ) and the stress on the third syllable; it often sounds more emphatic in spoken Russian.

Audio: []

продленный: [prədˈlʲɛnnɨj]

Note on продленный: Stress falls on the second syllable; the "лʲ" indicates a palatalized L, common in Russian adjectives, which might require practice for English speakers.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Extended in duration or time (e.g., a prolonged illness)

Translation(s) & Context:

• затянувшийся - Used in informal contexts for something that has unexpectedly dragged on, such as a meeting or recovery process.
• продленный - Applied in formal settings, like extended contracts or deadlines, emphasizing intentional prolongation.

Usage Examples:

• Затянувшаяся болезнь вымотала все силы. (Zatyanutsya bol'ezn' vymotala vse sily.)

  A prolonged illness drained all my energy. (This example shows the word in a health context, highlighting unexpected duration.)

• Продленный отпуск позволил мне полностью отдохнуть. (Prodlennyy otpusk pozvolil mne polnost'yu otdokhnut'.)

  The prolonged vacation allowed me to fully relax. (Here, it demonstrates formal usage in professional or planned scenarios.)

• Из-за затянувшегося дождя мы отложили пикник. (Iz-za zatyanuvshegosya dozhdya my otlozhili piknik.)

  Due to the prolonged rain, we postponed the picnic. (This illustrates the word in weather-related contexts with a plural or ongoing implication.)

• Продленный срок сдачи проекта был принят с облегчением. (Prodlennyy srok sdachi proekta byl prinyat s oblegcheniem.)

  The prolonged deadline for the project was accepted with relief. (Shows usage in business or academic settings.)

Meaning 2: Drawn out or lengthened in a process (e.g., a prolonged discussion)

Translation(s) & Context:

• затянувшийся - Common in everyday conversations for debates or talks that go on longer than expected.
• продленный - Less common here, but used for formally extended discussions, such as in legal proceedings.

Usage Examples:

• Затянувшийся разговор помешал нам вовремя уйти. (Zatyanutsya razgovor pomeshal nam vovremya uyti.)

  The prolonged conversation prevented us from leaving on time. (This example depicts social interactions with a negative connotation.)

• Продленный дебаты в парламенте привели к компромиссу. (Prodlennyy debaty v parlamentye priveli k kompromissu.)

  The prolonged debates in parliament led to a compromise. (Illustrates formal, political usage.)

• Из-за затянувшейся очереди мы опоздали на поезд. (Iz-za zatyanuvsheysya ocheredi my opozdali na poezd.)

  Due to the prolonged queue, we missed the train. (Shows the word in daily life scenarios involving waiting.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "затянувшийся" and "продленный" are adjectives/participles that inflect based on gender, number, and case in Russian, following standard adjectival patterns. They are irregular in the sense that they derive from verbs, but their inflections are predictable.

Note: These forms do not change for aspect or tense directly but must agree with the noun they modify.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • затяжной (zataynoy) - Similar to затянувшийся, but more neutral; often used for ongoing processes.
  • продолжающийся (prodolzhayushchiy-sya) - Emphasizes continuation rather than extension.
• Antonyms:
  • краткий (kratkiy) - Short or brief.
  • короткий (korotkiy) - Quick or abbreviated.

Related Phrases:

• Затянувшаяся история (Zatyanutsya istoriya) - A drawn-out story; refers to a narrative that goes on longer than expected.
• Продлить срок (Prodlit' srok) - To prolong a term; commonly used in legal or contractual contexts.
• Затянувшийся конфликт (Zatyanutsya konflikt) - A prolonged conflict; implies an ongoing dispute with cultural undertones in Russian society.

Usage Notes:

"Затянувшийся" is more idiomatic for informal, everyday situations where something has extended beyond its natural end, while "продленный" is preferred in formal or administrative contexts. English users should note that Russian adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they describe, which has no direct equivalent in English. When choosing between translations, opt for "затянувшийся" for emotional or unexpected prolongation and "продленный" for planned extensions. Be cautious with aspect: Russian verbs often imply perfective or imperfective actions that affect word choice.

• In sentences, these words can modify nouns directly, e.g., "prolonged meeting" becomes "затянувшееся собрание."
• Avoid direct word-for-word translation; consider the context to capture the nuance.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "затянувшийся" in formal documents where "продленный" is more appropriate. Incorrect: Затянувшийся контракт. Correct: Продленный контракт. Explanation: "Затянувшийся" implies unintended delay, which may sound unprofessional.
• Error: Forgetting to inflect the adjective to match the noun's case. Incorrect: Затянувшийся в genitive context without changing to затянувшегося. Correct: Use the proper form as shown in the inflections table. Explanation: This is a common mistake for English speakers unfamiliar with Russian case systems, leading to grammatical errors.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "затянувшийся" often reflect a societal tolerance for extended processes, such as bureaucratic delays or lengthy family gatherings, which are sometimes humorously referenced in literature and media. This can stem from historical contexts like the Soviet era, where "prolonged" waits were commonplace, adding a layer of patience or resignation to the word's connotation.

Related Concepts:

• продолжительный (prodolzhitel'nyy)
• затяжной (zataynoy)
• короткий (korotkiy)