Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'plumule'

English Word: plumule

Key Russian Translations:

• плюмула (/pluˈmʊlə/) - [Formal, Scientific; Used in botanical contexts]

Frequency: Low - This term is specialized and primarily appears in scientific, botanical, or academic discussions, not in everyday conversation.

Difficulty: C1 - Advanced; Requires familiarity with botanical terminology and Russian scientific vocabulary. Learners at this level should have a solid grasp of noun declensions and specialized lexicon.

Pronunciation (Russian):

плюмула: /pluˈmʊlə/

Note on плюмула: The stress falls on the second syllable ('mu'), which is common in Russian loanwords. Be mindful of the 'у' sound, pronounced as a short 'u' like in "put." Variations may occur in regional dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The embryonic shoot of a plant, often referring to the part that develops into the stem and leaves in botany.

Translation(s) & Context:

• плюмула - Used in formal scientific writing or educational contexts to describe plant embryology, such as in biology textbooks or research papers.

Usage Examples:

• В семени злаков плюмула развивается в стебель растения.

  In the seed of cereals, the plumule develops into the stem of the plant.

• Биологи изучают, как плюмула реагирует на свет и влагу в процессе прорастания.

  Biologists study how the plumule responds to light and moisture during the germination process.

• Плюмула – это важная часть зародыша, которая обеспечивает рост будущего растения.

  The plumule is a crucial part of the embryo that ensures the growth of the future plant.

• В лабораторных условиях ученые наблюдают за развитием плюмулы под микроскопом.

  In laboratory conditions, scientists observe the development of the plumule under a microscope.

• Если плюмула повреждена, семя может не прорасти должным образом.

  If the plumule is damaged, the seed may not germinate properly.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Плюмула is a feminine noun (женский род) in Russian, borrowed from Latin via scientific terminology. It follows the standard first declension pattern for feminine nouns ending in -a, with regular inflections. However, as a technical term, it is often used in its base form without much variation in everyday contexts.

Note: Inflections are regular, but in scientific writing, the nominative form is most common to maintain precision.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • зародышевый побег - A more descriptive term, often used interchangeably in general botany.
  • эмбриональный ствол - Emphasizes the embryonic stem aspect, preferred in detailed anatomical discussions.
• Antonyms:
  • корень - Refers to the root, contrasting with the shoot in plant development.

Related Phrases:

• развитие плюмулы - Development of the plumule; Used in contexts discussing plant growth stages.
• плюмула и корешок - Plumule and radicle; Refers to key parts of the embryo, often in educational materials.
• прорастание семени с плюмулой - Germination of a seed with the plumule; A phrase in agricultural or biological texts.

Usage Notes:

This Russian translation corresponds directly to the English "plumule" in botanical contexts, emphasizing its role as the embryonic shoot. It is strictly formal and scientific, so avoid using it in casual conversation. When choosing between synonyms like "зародышевый побег," opt for "плюмула" in precise scientific writing for international alignment. Grammatically, ensure correct declension based on sentence structure, such as using the genitive case after prepositions like "в" (in). English learners should note that Russian scientific terms often retain Latin roots, making them easier to remember but requiring attention to gender and case.

Common Errors:

• Error: Incorrectly using the word without declension, e.g., saying "в плюмула" instead of "в плюмуле" (genitive case required after "в").

  Correct: в плюмуле (in the plumule) - Explanation: Russian requires nouns to change form based on case, so learners must identify the governing preposition.

• Error: Confusing it with similar terms like "побег" (shoot), leading to oversimplification, e.g., using "побег" for "plumule" in a technical context.

  Correct: Use "плюмула" for the specific embryonic part - Explanation: "Побег" is more general and can refer to any shoot, potentially altering the meaning in scientific discussions.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian scientific literature, terms like "плюмула" reflect the influence of Western botany, particularly from the 19th century when Russian scientists adopted Latin-based terminology. This highlights Russia's historical emphasis on natural sciences, as seen in the works of botanists like Carl Linnaeus, whose classifications are still referenced. While not culturally loaded, it underscores the global nature of scientific language in Russia.

Related Concepts:

• корешок
• зародыш
• семя