Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'piston'

English Word: piston

Key Russian Translations:

• поршень /pɐrˈʂenʲ/ - [Formal, Technical]

Frequency: Medium (Common in technical, mechanical, or engineering contexts, but not in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: Intermediate (B2) - Requires familiarity with Russian noun declensions and technical vocabulary; suitable for learners with a basic grasp of grammar.

Pronunciation (Russian):

поршень: /pɐrˈʂenʲ/

Note on поршень: The 'ш' sound is a voiceless retroflex fricative, similar to the 'sh' in English "shoe" but more guttural. Stress falls on the second syllable, which is common in Russian nouns.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

A mechanical device that moves back and forth within a cylinder, typically in engines or pumps.

Translation(s) & Context:

• поршень - Used in formal, technical, or scientific contexts, such as automotive engineering or machinery descriptions.

Usage Examples:

• В двигателе внутреннего сгорания поршень движется вверх и вниз.

  In an internal combustion engine, the piston moves up and down.

• Износ поршня может привести к поломке всего механизма.

  Wear on the piston can lead to the breakdown of the entire mechanism.

• Инженеры разрабатывают новый поршень для повышения эффективности мотора.

  Engineers are developing a new piston to improve the motor's efficiency.

• Поршень в гидравлическом насосе обеспечивает передачу давления.

  The piston in the hydraulic pump ensures pressure transmission.

• При ремонте автомобиля всегда проверяют состояние поршня на наличие дефектов.

  When repairing a car, the condition of the piston is always checked for defects.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Поршень" is a masculine noun (3rd declension in Russian). It follows standard noun inflection patterns for case, number, and gender. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: The word is invariant in terms of gender and does not have irregular forms, making it straightforward for learners once basic declensions are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: цилиндровый поршень (cylindrical piston; emphasizes shape), толкатель (pusher; in some mechanical contexts)
• Antonyms: None directly applicable, as "поршень" is a specific mechanical term without a clear opposite.

Brief note: "Цилиндровый поршень" is often used interchangeably but specifies the type, while "толкатель" might imply a broader pushing mechanism in non-engine contexts.

Related Phrases:

• поршневой двигатель - A piston engine; refers to an internal combustion engine powered by pistons.
• поршневая группа - Piston assembly; denotes the set of components including the piston in machinery.
• гидравлический поршень - Hydraulic piston; used in systems involving fluid pressure.

Usage Notes:

"Поршень" directly corresponds to the English "piston" in technical contexts, but it's primarily used in formal or professional settings like engineering manuals. Be mindful of case endings when integrating it into sentences; for example, in genitive constructions like "износ поршня" (wear of the piston). If multiple translations exist, choose based on context: "поршень" is standard, but "толкатель" might be used for less precise mechanisms. Avoid using it in casual conversation, as it's domain-specific.

Common Errors:

• Error: Incorrect declension, e.g., saying "износ поршень" instead of "износ поршня".

  Correct: "Износ поршня может вызвать проблемы." (Wear on the piston can cause issues.)

  Explanation: Russian nouns must agree in case; genitive is required after words like "износ". Learners often forget to change the ending.

• Error: Using it in the wrong gender or number, e.g., treating it as feminine.

  Correct: "Поршень установлен правильно." (The piston is installed correctly.)

  Explanation: "Поршень" is masculine, so adjectives and verbs must align accordingly, unlike some English terms that don't have gender.

Cultural Notes:

"Поршень" doesn't carry significant cultural connotations, as it's a technical term derived from engineering. However, in Russian-speaking countries with strong automotive industries like Russia, it reflects the historical emphasis on mechanical engineering during the Soviet era, where such vocabulary became standardized in education and manufacturing.

Related Concepts:

• цилиндр (cylinder)
• двигатель (engine)
• шатун (connecting rod)