Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'physiology'

English Word: physiology

Key Russian Translations:

• физиология [fʲɪzʲɪˈoləɡʲɪjə] - [Formal, Academic]

Frequency: Medium (Common in scientific, medical, and educational contexts, but not everyday conversation).

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with scientific terminology and basic Russian grammar for learners).

Pronunciation (Russian):

физиология: [fʲɪzʲɪˈoləɡʲɪjə]

Note on физиология: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("о"). Pay attention to the palatalized consonants (fʲ and zʲ), which are common in Russian and may be challenging for English speakers. Variations in pronunciation can occur based on regional accents.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: The branch of biology that deals with the functions and activities of living organisms and their parts.

Translation(s) & Context:

• физиология - Used in formal academic or medical discussions to refer to the study of bodily functions, e.g., in biology or medicine contexts.

Usage Examples:

• В университете я изучаю физиологию человека, чтобы понять, как работают органы.

  In university, I study human physiology to understand how organs work.

• Физиология растений помогает объяснить, как они адаптируются к разным климатам.

  Plant physiology helps explain how they adapt to different climates.

• Современная физиология включает исследования на молекулярном уровне.

  Modern physiology includes research at the molecular level.

• Врачи используют знания физиологии для диагностики заболеваний.

  Doctors use knowledge of physiology to diagnose diseases.

• Физиология животных часто изучается в полевых условиях.

  Animal physiology is often studied in field conditions.

Secondary Meaning: The way in which a living organism or bodily part functions (more specific applications).

Translation(s) & Context:

• физиология - Applied in contexts like sports or health, to describe functional processes, e.g., in everyday scientific discourse.

Usage Examples:

• Физиология сердца может быть нарушена из-за стресса и неправильного питания.

  The physiology of the heart can be disrupted due to stress and poor nutrition.

• Изучение физиологии мозга открывает новые возможности в нейронауке.

  The study of brain physiology opens new possibilities in neuroscience.

• Физиология сна важна для понимания циркадных ритмов.

  Sleep physiology is important for understanding circadian rhythms.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Физиология is a feminine noun (feminine gender in Russian). It follows the standard first declension pattern for feminine nouns ending in -ия. Below is a table of its inflections:

Note: This word does not have irregular inflections, making it relatively straightforward for learners once basic declension rules are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: биофизика (biophysics - focuses on physical aspects), патология (pathology - related to diseases)
• Antonyms: анатомия (anatomy - focuses on structure rather than function)

Note: Биофизика is a more specialized synonym, often used in physics-related biological studies, while анатомия contrasts by emphasizing form over function.

Related Phrases:

• человеческая физиология - Human physiology; refers to the study of human body functions.
• физиология растений - Plant physiology; commonly used in botany and agriculture contexts.
• клеточная физиология - Cellular physiology; deals with functions at the cellular level.

Usage Notes:

Physiology in English directly corresponds to "физиология" in Russian, primarily in scientific and academic settings. It is a formal term and should be used in professional contexts rather than casual conversation. When translating, ensure the context specifies the type of physiology (e.g., human or plant) to avoid ambiguity. Grammatically, as a feminine noun, it requires appropriate adjective agreements, such as "современная физиология" (modern physiology). For learners, choose "физиология" over less common synonyms based on the exact scientific field.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing "физиология" with "анатомия" by using it to describe body structures. Correct: Use "анатомия" for structures; "физиология" for functions. Example of error: "Анатомия сердца включает его функции" (incorrectly using "анатомия" for functions). Correct: "Физиология сердца включает его функции."

• Error: Incorrect declension, such as using the nominative form in all cases (e.g., "изучение физиология" instead of "изучение физиологии"). Correct: Always decline based on case, as shown in the inflections table above.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and education, "физиология" is heavily emphasized in medical and biological sciences, influenced by historical figures like Ivan Pavlov, who conducted pioneering work in physiology. This term often carries connotations of rigorous scientific inquiry, reflecting Russia's strong tradition in natural sciences during the Soviet era.

Related Concepts:

• анатомия
• биология
• нейрофизиология