Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'phylum'

English Word: phylum

Key Russian Translations:

• филум [fɪˈlʊm] - [Formal, Scientific term]

Frequency: Low (This term is primarily used in scientific and academic contexts, not in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with biological terminology and basic Russian noun declensions.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

филум: [fɪˈlʊm]

Note on филум: The stress is on the second syllable ('lʊm'). Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech, but this is the standard form. Be mindful of the Russian 'ф' sound, which is similar to the English 'f' but softer.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: A principal taxonomic category in biology, ranking below kingdom and above class.

Translation(s) & Context:

• филум - Used in formal scientific discussions, such as in biology textbooks or research papers, to denote a major group of organisms.

Usage Examples:

• В биологии филум — это основной таксономический ранг, объединяющий организмы с общими признаками.

  In biology, a phylum is a primary taxonomic rank that groups organisms with common characteristics.

• Человек принадлежит к филуму хордовых, который включает позвоночных животных.

  Humans belong to the phylum Chordata, which includes vertebrate animals.

• Изучение филумов помогает ученым понять эволюционные связи между видами.

  Studying phyla helps scientists understand the evolutionary connections between species.

• В классификации беспозвоночных филум моллюсков охватывает разнообразные формы, такие как улитки и осьминоги.

  In the classification of invertebrates, the phylum Mollusca encompasses diverse forms such as snails and octopuses.

• Филум представляет собой ключевой уровень в иерархии живых организмов, от растений до микроорганизмов.

  A phylum represents a key level in the hierarchy of living organisms, from plants to microorganisms.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

филум is a masculine noun borrowed from Latin/Greek, and it follows standard Russian second-declension patterns for masculine nouns ending in a consonant. It is inflected based on case and number, though as a scientific term, it often remains in its base form in formal writing.

Note: Irregularities are minimal, but always check context for proper usage in scientific texts.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • тип (tip) - Often used interchangeably in older texts, but less precise.
  • отряд (otryad) - Sometimes confused, but actually refers to a lower rank (order).
• Antonyms:
  • Не применимо (Not applicable; this is a taxonomic category without direct antonyms, as it is part of a hierarchy.)

Related Phrases:

• филум хордовых - The phylum Chordata; used in discussions of vertebrate evolution.
• классификация по филумам - Classification by phyla; common in biological research contexts.
• эволюция филума - Evolution of a phylum; refers to the developmental history of a major group.

Usage Notes:

The Russian translation "филум" directly corresponds to the English "phylum" in biological taxonomy, but it is exclusively used in formal, academic, or scientific settings. English speakers should note that Russian scientific terminology often retains Latin roots, making it straightforward to learn. When using in sentences, ensure proper declension based on case (e.g., genitive for possession). If multiple translations exist, "филум" is the most precise; avoid "тип" as it can be ambiguous. In everyday Russian, this word is rare, so it's best for professional or educational contexts.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "филум" without declension, e.g., saying "из филум" instead of "из филума" (genitive case).

  Correct: "Из филума хордовых" (From the phylum Chordata). Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, so learners must adjust for genitive or other cases to avoid grammatical errors.

• Error: Confusing "филум" with "тип", leading to incorrect hierarchical placement.

  Correct: Use "филум" for phylum-level classification, not "тип" which means "type" or sometimes "phylum" in outdated contexts. Explanation: This mix-up can alter the meaning in scientific discussions, so always verify the exact taxonomic rank.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian scientific culture, terms like "филум" reflect the influence of Western biology, particularly from the 19th-century works of Linnaeus. It underscores Russia's historical emphasis on natural sciences, as seen in institutions like the Russian Academy of Sciences. While not culturally loaded, it highlights how global scientific language integrates into Russian, promoting international collaboration in fields like evolutionary biology.

Related Concepts:

• класс (class)
• отряд (order)
• семейство (family)
• вид (species)