Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'perishable'

English Word: perishable

Key Russian Translations:

• скоропортящийся (/skərəpɐrˈtʲaʂːɪjsə/) - [Adjective, Formal, Used in contexts involving food or goods that spoil quickly]
• быстропортящийся (/bɨstrəpɐrˈtʲaʂːɪjsə/) - [Adjective, Informal, Often used interchangeably but slightly more casual in everyday speech]

Frequency: Medium (This word and its variants are commonly encountered in discussions about food safety, logistics, and commerce, but not as frequent as basic everyday vocabulary.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; Learners at this level should grasp adjective declensions and compound words, though the pronunciation and spelling may pose challenges for beginners.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

скоропортящийся: /skərəpɐrˈtʲaʂːɪjsə/

быстропортящийся: /bɨstrəpɐrˈtʲaʂːɪjsə/

Note on скоропортящийся: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("tʲa"), and the "щ" sound (as in "shch") can be tricky for English speakers—practice it as a rapid "sh" followed by "ch". Variations in regional accents may soften the consonants.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: Referring to items, especially food, that decay or spoil quickly due to environmental factors.

Translation(s) & Context:

• скоропортящийся - Used in formal or technical contexts, such as shipping and storage, to describe goods with a short shelf life.
• быстропортящийся - Applied in everyday informal settings, like home discussions about groceries, emphasizing rapid spoilage.

Usage Examples:

• Эти фрукты скоропортящийся, поэтому их нужно хранить в холодильнике.

  These fruits are perishable, so they need to be stored in the refrigerator.

• В магазине есть отдел для быстропортящийся продуктов, где всё свежее.

  In the store, there's a section for perishable products where everything is fresh.

• Из-за жары скоропортящийся товары могут испортиться за считанные часы.

  Due to the heat, perishable goods can spoil within a few hours.

• Не покупай быстропортящийся еду в больших количествах, если нет подходящего хранения.

  Don't buy perishable food in large quantities if you don't have proper storage.

• Скоропортящийся грузы требуют специальной маркировки для транспортировки.

  Perishable cargo requires special labeling for transportation.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "скоропортящийся" and "быстропортящийся" are adjectives in Russian, which means they decline according to gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives follow standard patterns for hard-stem adjectives, with some irregularities in spelling due to the compound nature of these words.

For "быстропортящийся", the inflections follow the same pattern as above, with the base form changing accordingly (e.g., быстропортящаяся in feminine nominative).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • просрочный (prosrochnyy) - More specific to items that have expired, with a subtle nuance of time sensitivity.
  • непрочный (neprochnyy) - Used in broader contexts, implying fragility rather than spoilage.
• Antonyms:
  • долгохранящийся (dolgohranvashchiysya) - Indicates items with a long shelf life, often used in storage discussions.
  • устойчивый (ustoychivyy) - Refers to stability against decay, with a more general application.

Related Phrases:

• Скоропортящийся продукты - Perishable products; Commonly used in shopping and food contexts to refer to items like dairy or produce.
• Быстропортящийся груз - Perishable cargo; Applied in logistics for items requiring special handling during transport.
• Хранение скоропортящийся товаров - Storage of perishable goods; A phrase emphasizing the need for refrigeration or cool environments.

Usage Notes:

"Скоропортящийся" is the more precise and formal translation for "perishable" in contexts involving food or materials that degrade quickly, while "быстропортящийся" is better for informal, everyday use. Be mindful of the adjective's declension to match the noun's gender, number, and case in Russian sentences. For example, it's often paired with nouns like "продукты" (products) in plural form. When choosing between translations, opt for "скоропортящийся" in professional or written contexts, as it conveys a technical tone. English learners should note that Russian lacks a direct one-to-one equivalent, so context dictates the best fit.

• Grammar tip: Always decline the adjective to agree with the noun it modifies.
• Context tip: This word is frequently used in modern Russian due to increased awareness of food safety, especially in urban areas.

Common Errors:

One common mistake is confusing "скоропортящийся" with "просроченный" (expired), as both relate to spoilage. For instance, a learner might say: "Эти продукты просроченный" (incorrect, implying they are already past their date), instead of "Эти продукты скоропортящийся" (correct, meaning they are prone to spoiling). The error arises from overlooking the preventive vs. actual state nuance. Correct usage: Ensure the adjective agrees in case, e.g., "покупка скоропортящийся еды" (buying perishable food), not "покупка скоропортящийся едой" (wrong case agreement).

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like "скоропортящийся" highlight the practical challenges of food preservation in a country with vast climates, from subarctic regions to hot summers. This vocabulary is particularly relevant in daily life due to historical emphasis on self-sufficiency and modern import regulations, reflecting a cultural value on freshness and resource management in households and industries.

Related Concepts:

• хранение (khranenie) - Storage
• свежий (svezhiy) - Fresh
• продукты (produkty) - Products (often in the context of groceries)