Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'pectoral'

English Word: pectoral

Key Russian Translations:

• грудной [ɡrudˈnoj] - [Adjective, Formal, Singular]
• грудные мышцы [ɡrudnɨje ˈmɨʂt͡sɨ] - [Noun Phrase, Plural, Informal in everyday fitness contexts]
• грудной плавник [ɡrudˈnoj plɐvˈnʲik] - [Noun, Technical, Used in biological or zoological contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in medical, anatomical, and fitness discussions, but not everyday casual speech)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires basic understanding of Russian adjectives and nouns, but the word's context-dependent usage adds moderate complexity)

Pronunciation (Russian):

грудной: [ɡrudˈnoj]

грудные мышцы: [ɡrudnɨje ˈmɨʂt͡sɨ]

грудной плавник: [ɡrudˈnoj plɐvˈnʲik]

Note on грудной: The stress falls on the second syllable; be cautious with the soft 'н' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers due to its palatalization.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Anatomical: Relating to the chest or upper body area

Translation(s) & Context:

• грудной - Used in medical or anatomical descriptions, such as referring to chest muscles or bones.
• грудные мышцы - Applied in fitness and health contexts, like exercise routines.

Usage Examples:

• Его грудной отдел позвоночника был поврежден в аварии.

  His thoracic spine was injured in the accident. (Demonstrates use in a medical emergency context.)

• Тренер рекомендовал упражнения для грудных мышц.

  The trainer recommended exercises for the pectoral muscles. (Shows application in a fitness routine.)

• В анатомии рыбы грудной плавник играет ключевую роль в движении.

  In fish anatomy, the pectoral fin plays a key role in movement. (Illustrates technical, biological usage.)

• Она почувствовала боль в грудной клетке после пробежки.

  She felt pain in her chest area after the run. (Highlights everyday health-related context.)

Zoological: Referring to fins or appendages on fish

Translation(s) & Context:

• грудной плавник - Specifically used in scientific or educational discussions about aquatic animals.

Usage Examples:

• Грудной плавник акулы помогает ей маневрировать в воде.

  The pectoral fin of the shark helps it maneuver in the water. (Example in a descriptive biological context.)

• У этой рыбы грудной плавник поврежден, что затрудняет плавание.

  This fish's pectoral fin is damaged, making swimming difficult. (Demonstrates use in an observational or research setting.)

• В эволюции грудной плавник развился для лучшей адаптации.

  In evolution, the pectoral fin developed for better adaptation. (Shows usage in an academic or evolutionary discussion.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

грудной is an adjective, which follows standard Russian adjectival declension patterns. It changes based on gender, number, and case. For example:

грудные мышцы is a noun phrase; "мышцы" (muscles) is a plural feminine noun and inflects regularly: e.g., Genitive: грудных мышц. It does not have irregular forms.

грудной плавник is a compound noun; "плавник" inflects as a masculine noun: e.g., Genitive: грудного плавника.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • грудевой (similar, but less common in modern usage; often interchangeable in anatomical contexts)
  • грудинный (specifically for sternum-related terms)
• Antonyms:
  • спинной (dorsal, referring to the back)
  • животный (abdominal, for the front lower body)

Related Phrases:

• грудные упражнения - Chest exercises; commonly used in fitness routines to build strength.
• грудной жгут - Chest strap; refers to medical or safety equipment.
• грудной отдел - Thoracic region; used in anatomy to describe the chest area of the spine.

Usage Notes:

The English word "pectoral" corresponds most directly to "грудной" in Russian, especially in anatomical contexts, but always consider the specific usage: for muscles, use "грудные мышцы" to sound natural. In formal or medical settings, "грудной" is preferred, while informal conversations might opt for more descriptive phrases. Be mindful of gender and case agreements when inflecting. When choosing among translations, select based on context—e.g., "грудной плавник" for zoology versus "грудные мышцы" for fitness—to avoid ambiguity.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using "грудной" without proper inflection, e.g., saying "болит грудной" instead of "болит грудной отдел". Correct: "Болит грудной отдел" (with correct case). Explanation: Russian requires adjectives to agree in case, number, and gender with the noun they modify.
• Mistake: Confusing "грудной" with "грудь" (breast), leading to misuse in sentences. Correct: Use "грудной" for adjectives related to the chest area, not as a direct synonym. Example: Incorrect: "Грудь мышцы" (wrong word order and phrasing); Correct: "Грудные мышцы".

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like "грудные мышцы" are prominent in sports and fitness media, influenced by global trends in bodybuilding. Historically, anatomical vocabulary in Russian has roots in 19th-century scientific translations, reflecting Russia's emphasis on medical education, as seen in figures like Ivan Pavlov.

Related Concepts:

• спина
• живот
• мышцы