Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'overtime'

English Word: overtime

Key Russian Translations:

• сверхурочное время /svɨrxʊˈronkəje vrɨˈmʲa/ - [Formal, Work-related]
• дополнительное время /dɐpɐlʲnʲɪˈtʲelʲnəje vrɨˈmʲa/ - [Informal, Sports context]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in professional and sports discussions, but not in everyday casual conversation).

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of noun phrases and basic time-related expressions in Russian).

Pronunciation (Russian):

сверхурочное время: /svɨrxʊˈronkəje vrɨˈmʲa/

дополнительное время: /dɐpɐlʲnʲɪˈtʲelʲnəje vrɨˈmʲa/

Note on сверхурочное время: The stress falls on the third syllable of "сверхурочное" (/ʊˈronkəje/), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft consonants; practice with native audio for accurate intonation.

Note on дополнительное время: Pronounce the "доп" part quickly; the "лʲ" sound is palatalized, common in Russian adjectives.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Extra time worked beyond regular hours (e.g., in employment)

Translation(s) & Context:

• сверхурочное время - Used in formal work settings, such as discussing labor laws or employee hours.
• дополнительное время - Less common for work; typically for extensions in tasks, but can overlap in informal contexts.

Usage Examples:

• Я работаю сверхурочное время, чтобы закончить проект к сроку.

  I work overtime to finish the project by the deadline.

• Мой босс предлагает оплату за сверхурочное время в выходные.

  My boss offers pay for overtime on weekends.

• Из-за задержек нам пришлось добавить сверхурочное время в расписание.

  Due to delays, we had to add overtime to the schedule.

• Сверхурочное время может быть утомительным, но оно помогает повысить доход.

  Overtime can be exhausting, but it helps increase income.

Meaning 2: Extra time in a game or match (e.g., in sports)

Translation(s) & Context:

• дополнительное время - Common in sports commentary, such as football or hockey matches.
• сверхурочное время - Occasionally used metaphorically in non-sports contexts, but less standard here.

Usage Examples:

• Игра перешла в дополнительное время из-за ничьей в основное время.

  The game went into overtime due to a tie in regular time.

• В дополнительное время команда забила решающий гол.

  In overtime, the team scored the decisive goal.

• Судья добавил дополнительное время для компенсации остановок.

  The referee added overtime to compensate for stoppages.

• Дополнительное время в матче всегда напряженное для болельщиков.

  Overtime in a match is always tense for fans.

• Если счет равный, мы переходим к дополнительному времени.

  If the score is tied, we go into overtime.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For "сверхурочное время", this is a noun phrase where "сверхурочное" is an adjective and "время" is a neuter noun. Russian nouns and adjectives inflect based on case, number, and gender. "Время" is neuter and follows the standard third-declension pattern for neuter nouns.

For "дополнительное время", it follows similar patterns as above, with "дополнительное" as an adjective agreeing with "время". Note: These are regular inflections; no irregularities.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • переработка (more general, for work extension; subtle difference: focuses on processing or reworking)
  • экстра-время (informal borrowing, used in modern contexts like sports)
• Antonyms:
  • стандартное время (standard time, implying regular hours)
  • основное время (main time, in sports)

Related Phrases:

• Работать сверхурочно - To work overtime; used in professional contexts to describe extending work hours.
• Дополнительное время в матче - Extra time in a match; common in sports discussions for tiebreakers.
• Оплата за сверхурочное - Payment for overtime; refers to compensation in employment.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "сверхурочное время" directly corresponds to "overtime" in work contexts and is more formal, often used in legal or contractual language. Choose "дополнительное время" for sports to align with common terminology. Be mindful of case agreements; for example, in genitive constructions like "за сверхурочное время" (for overtime). It's neutral in terms of register but can vary by context—avoid in casual chats. When selecting between translations, use "сверхурочное" for labor-related scenarios and "дополнительное" for time extensions elsewhere.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "overtime" directly in Russian sentences, e.g., "Я работаю overtime." Correct: "Я работаю сверхурочное время." Explanation: Russian doesn't borrow English words verbatim; always use the native equivalent to sound natural.

• Error: Incorrect case inflection, e.g., saying "в сверхурочное время" but forgetting agreement in other parts. Correct: Ensure adjectives agree, as in "в сверхурочном времени" for prepositional case. Explanation: This is a common mistake for English learners due to Russian's complex declension system.

• Error: Confusing with "время" alone, e.g., implying just "time" without the modifier. Correct: Specify "сверхурочное" to avoid ambiguity. Explanation: "Время" by itself means general time, so adding the adjective is crucial for precision.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "сверхурочное время" often reflects the intense work ethic in professional environments, influenced by historical labor practices in the Soviet era. It's associated with overtime pay regulations under modern Russian labor laws, emphasizing work-life balance challenges in urban settings like Moscow.

Related Concepts:

• переработка
• экстра-работа
• основное время