Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'outcome'

English Word: outcome

Key Russian Translations:

• результат (/rʲɪˈzulʲtət/) - [Formal, Commonly used in academic and professional contexts]
• исход (/ɪˈsxot/) - [Formal, Often used in specific contexts like games or historical events]

Frequency: Medium (This word and its translations appear regularly in everyday Russian, especially in discussions, reports, and media.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; Learners at this level should grasp basic noun inflections, but mastering contextual nuances may require practice.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

результат: /rʲɪˈzulʲtət/ (Stress on the third syllable; the 'р' is rolled, and the 'л' is palatalized.)

исход: /ɪˈsxot/ (Stress on the second syllable; the 'х' is a guttural sound, similar to the Scottish 'ch' in 'loch'.)

Note on результат: Be cautious with the palatalized 'л'; it can be a common challenge for English speakers. Variations in regional accents may soften the 'т' sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The result or consequence of an action, event, or process.

Translation(s) & Context:

• результат - Used in general contexts, such as scientific experiments or daily outcomes, to denote a final effect.
• исход - Applied in more specific scenarios, like the end of a conflict or a game, implying a decisive conclusion.

Usage Examples:

• Результат эксперимента был неожиданным. (The outcome of the experiment was unexpected.)

  Translation: The result of the experiment was unexpected. (This example shows 'результат' in a scientific context, demonstrating nominative case usage.)

• В спортивном матче исход зависел от последней минуты. (In the sports match, the outcome depended on the last minute.)

  Translation: In the sports match, the outcome depended on the last minute. (Here, 'исход' is used in a competitive setting, highlighting its noun form in genitive case.)

• Какой был результат твоей поездки? (What was the outcome of your trip?)

  Translation: What was the outcome of your trip? (This illustrates 'результат' in informal conversation, showing interrogative structure.)

• Несмотря на трудности, положительный исход был достигнут. (Despite the difficulties, a positive outcome was achieved.)

  Translation: Despite the difficulties, a positive outcome was achieved. (Example with 'исход' in a motivational context, using accusative case.)

Meaning 2: A final decision or end result in a series of events.

Translation(s) & Context:

• результат - Common in legal or business contexts, emphasizing the end product.
• исход - Often in narrative or historical contexts, suggesting inevitability or fate.

Usage Examples:

• Результат переговоров удовлетворил все стороны. (The outcome of the negotiations satisfied all parties.)

  Translation: The outcome of the negotiations satisfied all parties. (Demonstrates 'результат' in a formal, plural context.)

• Исторический исход войны изменил карту Европы. (The historical outcome of the war changed the map of Europe.)

  Translation: The historical outcome of the war changed the map of Europe. (Shows 'исход' in a broader, thematic usage.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'результат' and 'исход' are masculine nouns in Russian, which means they follow standard declension patterns for third-declension nouns. 'Результат' is more commonly used and has regular inflections, while 'исход' is also regular but less frequent.

Note: These nouns do not change based on gender but vary by case and number, which is standard for Russian nouns.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • результат - Outcome: следствие (/slʲɪdʲstvʲɪje/) - Implies a consequence or effect.
  • результат - Outcome: итог (/ɪˈtog/) - Often used in summaries or conclusions, with a slight formal tone.
  • исход - Outcome: финал (/fʲɪˈnal/) - Suggests an end point, commonly in entertainment or events.
• Antonyms:
  • причина (/prʲɪˈzʲɪna/) - Cause, as opposed to effect.
  • начало (/ˈnat͡ɕələ/) - Beginning, contrasting with the end result.

Related Phrases:

• В ожидании результата - In anticipation of the outcome (Used when waiting for results, e.g., in medical or academic settings).
• Положительный исход - Positive outcome (Common in motivational or health-related contexts).
• Неизвестный исход - Unknown outcome (Implies uncertainty, often in storytelling or risk assessment).

Usage Notes:

'Результат' is the most direct equivalent to 'outcome' in English and is versatile across contexts, while 'исход' carries a more dramatic or historical connotation. Choose 'результат' for everyday use and 'исход' for events with a sense of destiny. Grammatically, always consider Russian case endings; for example, use genitive after prepositions like 'из' (from). English speakers might over-rely on 'результат' and miss nuances, so context is key.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'результат' in the wrong case, e.g., saying "Я видел результат" when it should be "Я видел результат" in accusative, but confusing it with nominative in complex sentences.

  Correct: Я видел результат эксперимента. (I saw the outcome of the experiment.)

  Explanation: Russian requires case agreement; beginners often forget this, leading to grammatical errors.

• Error: Confusing 'исход' with 'результат' in informal speech, e.g., using 'исход' for everyday results instead of more appropriate synonyms.

  Correct: Instead of "Исход моей работы" (Outcome of my work), say "Результат моей работы".

  Explanation: 'Исход' sounds overly formal or archaic in casual contexts, which can make speech sound unnatural.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like 'исход' often evoke historical events, such as the Exodus in biblical stories, reflecting a deep connection to literature and history. This can add a layer of fatalism to discussions about outcomes, emphasizing destiny over personal agency in certain contexts.

Related Concepts:

• процесс (process)
• эффект (effect)
• последствие (consequence)