Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'overrun'

English Word: overrun

Key Russian Translations:

• переполнить [pʲɪrʲɪpɐlʲnʲɪtʲ] - [Formal, Used in contexts of overflowing or exceeding capacity]
• захватить [zɐxʲvatʲɪtʲ] - [Informal, Plural forms possible, Used in military or invasion contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in everyday language for overflow scenarios, less so in military contexts)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate for переполнить; B2 for захватить, as it involves nuanced verb conjugations)

Pronunciation (Russian):

переполнить: [pʲɪrʲɪpɐlʲnʲɪtʲ]

Note on переполнить: The stress falls on the last syllable; be careful with the palatalized 'л' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers.

Audio: []

захватить: [zɐxʲvatʲɪtʲ]

Note on захватить: The initial 'з' is pronounced softly; variations in stress may occur in different dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: To overflow or exceed capacity (e.g., liquid spilling over or events with too many attendees)

Translation(s) & Context:

• переполнить - Used in literal or metaphorical contexts, such as describing a full container or crowded event; common in formal writing or technical descriptions.

Usage Examples:

• Русский пример: Вода переполнила ванну, и пол оказался мокрым.

  English translation: The water overflowed the bathtub, and the floor got wet.

• Русский пример: Конференция переполнила зал, поэтому пришлось добавить дополнительные стулья.

  English translation: The conference overran the hall, so they had to add extra chairs.

• Русский пример: Избыточный дождь переполнил реки, вызвав наводнение.

  English translation: The excessive rain overran the rivers, causing a flood.

• Русский пример: Его эмоции переполнили сердце, и он не смог сдержаться.

  English translation: His emotions overran his heart, and he couldn't hold back.

Meaning 2: To invade or take over by force (e.g., military or territorial overrun)

Translation(s) & Context:

• захватить - Applied in contexts of conquest or seizure; often used in historical, military, or dramatic narratives; can imply sudden action.

Usage Examples:

• Русский пример: Войска противника захватили город за одну ночь.

  English translation: The enemy troops overran the city in one night.

• Русский пример: Бандиты захватили банк, но полиция быстро отреагировала.

  English translation: The bandits overran the bank, but the police responded quickly.

• Русский пример: Война захватила всю страну, оставив следы разрушений.

  English translation: The war overran the entire country, leaving traces of destruction.

• Русский пример: Идеи революции захватили умы молодежи.

  English translation: Ideas of revolution overran the minds of the youth.

• Русский пример: Вирус захватил компьютерную систему, вызвав хаос.

  English translation: The virus overran the computer system, causing chaos.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both translations are verbs, so they follow standard Russian verb conjugation patterns. переполнить is a perfective verb (first conjugation), while захватить is also perfective (first conjugation with irregularities in some forms).

Note: These verbs do not change irregularly but follow standard patterns; for non-perfective forms, use переполнять or захватывать.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms for переполнить: заполнить (to fill), перегрузить (to overload) - заполнить is more neutral and often interchangeable in non-literal contexts.
• Synonyms for захватить: оккупировать (to occupy), завоевать (to conquer) - завоевать implies a more strategic conquest.
• Antonyms: опустошить (to devastate or empty), освободить (to liberate) - Applies to both, depending on context.

Related Phrases:

• Переполненный зал - A crowded hall; used to describe events that have overran capacity.
• Захватить власть - To seize power; a common phrase in political or historical contexts, implying a forceful takeover.
• Переполнить чашу терпения - To overflow the cup of patience; an idiomatic expression meaning to exceed one's tolerance.

Usage Notes:

переполнить directly corresponds to the overflow sense of "overrun" and is ideal for literal scenarios like liquids or crowds, but it's formal and less common in casual speech. захватить aligns with the invasive sense and should be used cautiously in sensitive contexts like military history. Choose based on context: use переполнить for quantitative excess and захватить for qualitative takeover. Grammatically, both are perfective verbs, so they focus on completed actions; pair with imperfective forms for ongoing processes. In formal writing, these words enhance precision, but in everyday conversation, simpler synonyms might be preferred.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing переполнить with заполнить, leading to overuse in non-overflow contexts. Correct: Use переполнить only when something exceeds capacity, e.g., Incorrect: "Я заполнил стакан" (if it overflows); Correct: "Я переполнил стакан". Explanation: заполнить means to fill without implying excess.

• Error: Misconjugating захватить in past tense, e.g., saying "захватило" incorrectly for plural subjects. Correct: Use "захватили" for plural. Explanation: Russian verbs must agree in number and gender, which English learners often overlook.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, phrases like "переполнить чашу терпения" draw from historical and literary traditions, such as in Russian folklore or works by authors like Tolstoy, where overrun or excess symbolizes emotional or social upheaval. This reflects a cultural emphasis on endurance and the consequences of pushing limits, often seen in discussions of historical invasions like those in World War II.

Related Concepts:

• перегрузка
• оккупация
• избыток