Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'overflow'

English Word: overflow

Key Russian Translations:

• перелив [pʲɪrʲɪˈlʲif] - [Informal, often used for liquids or everyday contexts]
• переполнение [pʲɪrʲɪˈpolnʲenʲɪje] - [Formal, commonly in technical or computing contexts]

Frequency: Medium (the word is moderately common in everyday Russian, especially in contexts like engineering, computing, or daily life, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary).

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; for 'перелив', it's straightforward for beginners, but 'переполнение' may require intermediate knowledge due to its technical nuances and noun declensions).

Pronunciation (Russian):

перелив: [pʲɪrʲɪˈlʲif]

Note on перелив: The stress falls on the second syllable ('ри'), which is a common feature in Russian words ending in consonants. Be mindful of the soft 'л' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers.

переполнение: [pʲɪrʲɪˈpolnʲenʲɪje]

Note on переполнение: This word has a rolling 'р' and a soft 'н', with stress on the third syllable ('пол'). Variations in regional accents may soften the vowels.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The act of overflowing, such as liquid spilling over an edge.

Translation(s) & Context:

• перелив - Used in informal, everyday situations, such as describing water from a cup or river.

Usage Examples:

• Вода перелилась через край стакана.

  The water overflowed the edge of the glass. (This example shows 'перелив' in a simple, domestic context, demonstrating nominative case usage.)

• Из-за дождя произошёл перелив реки.

  Due to the rain, the river overflowed. (Here, 'перелив' is used in a natural disaster scenario, highlighting its application in environmental descriptions.)

• Перелив масла в двигателе может привести к поломке.

  The overflow of oil in the engine can lead to a breakdown. (This illustrates 'перелив' in a mechanical context, showing its versatility across domains.)

• Во время праздника перелив шампанского создал веселую атмосферу.

  During the party, the overflow of champagne created a festive atmosphere. (This example demonstrates 'перелив' in a metaphorical or celebratory use, adding nuance to informal speech.)

Meaning 2: Overflow in a technical sense, such as in computing or data management.

Translation(s) & Context:

• переполнение - Typically used in formal or professional settings, like programming or engineering, to describe exceeding capacity.

Usage Examples:

• Переполнение буфера привело к ошибке в программе.

  The buffer overflow led to an error in the program. (This shows 'переполнение' in a computing context, emphasizing its technical precision.)

• Из-за переполнения памяти система зависла.

  Due to memory overflow, the system froze. (This example highlights 'переполнение' with genitive case in IT scenarios.)

• Переполнение диска требует немедленного удаления файлов.

  Disk overflow requires immediate file deletion. (Demonstrates 'переполнение' in data management, showing imperative sentence structures.)

• В результате переполнения сервера сайт стал недоступным.

  As a result of server overflow, the website became unavailable. (This illustrates 'переполнение' in network contexts, with causal phrasing.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'перелив' and 'переполнение' are nouns in Russian, which means they undergo declension based on case, number, and gender. 'Перелив' is a masculine noun, while 'переполнение' is neuter. Russian nouns follow specific patterns, and these are regular for the most part.

Note: These words do not have irregular inflections. In plural form, 'переливы' and 'переполнения' follow standard patterns, but 'перелив' is less commonly used in plural.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • избыток (excess) - Often used interchangeably with 'переполнение' in non-liquid contexts; more general and less specific.
  • выливание (spilling) - Similar to 'перелив' but implies action rather than state.
• Antonyms:
  • недостаток (shortage) - Directly opposes the idea of overflow in resource contexts.
  • осушение (draining) - Contrasts with liquid overflow by implying removal.

Related Phrases:

• перелив воды - Overflow of water; commonly used in plumbing or natural settings. (Refers to excess water flow in everyday situations.)
• переполнение памяти - Memory overflow; a technical phrase in computing. (Indicates when storage exceeds capacity.)
• предотвратить перелив - To prevent overflow; used in safety instructions. (Emphasizes proactive measures.)

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'overflow' translates differently based on context: 'перелив' for physical, liquid-related scenarios and 'переполнение' for abstract or technical ones. English speakers should note that Russian requires precise case agreement; for example, use genitive case after prepositions like 'из-за' (due to). Choose 'перелив' for informal conversations and 'переполнение' in professional writing to match the appropriate register. Be aware of gender differences: 'перелив' is masculine, affecting adjective agreements.

Common Errors:

• English learners often confuse 'перелив' with 'переливание' (a verb form meaning 'pouring over'), leading to incorrect verb usage. Correct example: Use 'произошёл перелив' (overflow happened) instead of 'произошло переливание' in noun contexts. Explanation: 'Переливание' is a process noun, not a simple overflow.

• Mixing cases, such as using nominative 'перелив' in a genitive phrase like 'из-за перелив' (incorrect) instead of 'из-за перелива'. Correct: 'Из-за перелива' ensures proper declension. Explanation: Russian grammar demands case changes for prepositional phrases.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'перелив' in the context of liquids might evoke imagery from folk tales or literature, such as rivers overflowing in stories by authors like Pushkin, symbolizing abundance or chaos. In modern contexts, 'переполнение' in computing reflects Russia's growing tech scene, where terms like this are borrowed from English but adapted to fit Slavic grammar, highlighting the blend of tradition and innovation.

Related Concepts:

• избыток
• выливание
• осушение