Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'overdose'

English Word: overdose

Key Russian Translations:

• передозировка [pʲɪrʲɪdəzʲɪˈrovkə] - [Formal, Medical context]

Frequency: Medium (Common in medical, health-related discussions but not everyday casual conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with medical terminology and noun declensions in Russian)

Pronunciation (Russian):

передозировка: [pʲɪrʲɪdəzʲɪˈrovkə]

Note on передозировка: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("rovkə"), which can be tricky for learners due to the consonant clusters; pronounce with a soft 'r' sound typical in Russian.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning: Excessive intake of a drug or substance, leading to potential harm or toxicity.

Translation(s) & Context:

• передозировка - Used in formal medical, pharmaceutical, or emergency contexts to describe an accidental or intentional excess of medication or drugs.

Usage Examples:

• Он принял передозировку лекарства и был срочно доставлен в больницу.

  He took an overdose of the medication and was rushed to the hospital.

• Врачи предупреждают о рисках передозировки опиоидов в современных обществах.

  Doctors warn about the risks of opioid overdose in modern societies.

• Её передозировка витаминами привела к временным побочным эффектам.

  Her overdose of vitamins led to temporary side effects.

• Пациент выжил после передозировки, благодаря своевременной медицинской помощи.

  The patient survived the overdose thanks to timely medical assistance.

• Передозировка наркотиков часто упоминается в кампаниях по борьбе с зависимостью.

  Overdose of drugs is often mentioned in campaigns against addiction.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"передозировка" is a feminine noun (from the first declension group in Russian). It follows standard noun inflection patterns for case, number, and gender. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: This word does not have irregular inflections, making it relatively straightforward for learners, but always pay attention to the soft sign (ь) which affects pronunciation.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: переизбыток (slight excess, less specific to drugs), интоксикация (poisoning, often from overdose)
• Note on переизбыток: This is more general and can apply to any excess, not just medical contexts.
• Antonyms: нормальная доза (normal dose), безопасная норма (safe limit)

Related Phrases:

• смертельная передозировка - A fatal overdose; used in discussions about drug risks or emergencies.
• риск передозировки - Risk of overdose; common in health warnings and prevention campaigns.
• предотвратить передозировку - To prevent an overdose; often in educational or medical advice contexts.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "передозировка" directly corresponds to the English "overdose" in medical and pharmacological contexts, but it is primarily a noun and should be used with appropriate case endings based on sentence structure. For example, it's formal and neutral, so avoid in casual conversations unless discussing health issues. When choosing between synonyms like "интоксикация," opt for "передозировка" if the focus is specifically on excessive dosage rather than general poisoning. Be mindful of gender agreement in sentences, as it's feminine (e.g., "эта передозировка" for "this overdose").

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "передозировка" interchangeably with "интоксикация" without context. Incorrect: "Он имел интоксикацию от таблеток" (implying general poisoning). Correct: "Он имел передозировку таблеток" (specific to excess dosage). Explanation: "Интоксикация" implies broader toxicity, while "передозировка" specifies overdose; confusing them can lead to imprecise communication in medical settings.

• Error: Forgetting case endings, e.g., saying "из-за передозировка" instead of "из-за передозировки" (genitive case). Correct: "Из-за передозировки он попал в больницу." Explanation: Russian requires nouns to change based on grammatical role, so always check the case for accuracy.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and media, discussions around "передозировка" often tie into broader issues of substance abuse and public health campaigns, especially regarding opioids and prescription drugs. This term gained prominence in the 1990s and 2000s amid rising drug-related incidents in Russia, reflecting societal challenges with addiction and access to healthcare. Understanding this context can help English speakers grasp the term's frequent use in news and educational materials.

Related Concepts:

• интоксикация
• наркотики
• медикаменты