Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'osseous'

English Word: osseous

Key Russian Translations:

• костный /ˈkɔstnɨj/ - [Formal, Medical]

Frequency: Medium (This term is commonly used in medical, anatomical, and scientific contexts but less so in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with Russian adjective forms and medical vocabulary, as per CEFR standards.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

костный: /ˈkɔstnɨj/

Note on костный: The stress falls on the first syllable (/ˈkɔst-/). Pronounce the "ы" sound as a high central vowel, which can be challenging for English speakers; it's similar to the "i" in "bit" but more centralized. Variations may occur in regional dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Pertaining to or consisting of bone (used to describe something related to the structure or composition of bones).

Translation(s) & Context:

• костный - Typically used in formal, medical, or scientific contexts, such as anatomy or pathology, to denote bone-related structures.

Usage Examples:

• У пациента обнаружена костная опухоль в бедренной кости.

  In the patient, an osseous tumor was found in the femoral bone.

• Костная ткань обеспечивает прочность скелета.

  Osseous tissue provides strength to the skeleton.

• Врачи изучили костный состав для диагностики остеопороза.

  Doctors examined the osseous composition to diagnose osteoporosis.

• Костный мозг играет ключевую роль в кроветворении.

  Osseous marrow plays a key role in blood formation.

• При переломе повреждается костная структура конечности.

  In a fracture, the osseous structure of the limb is damaged.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Костный" is an adjective in Russian, which means it inflects based on gender, number, and case. It follows the standard pattern for first-declension adjectives. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: This adjective does not have irregular forms, making it relatively straightforward for learners once basic declension rules are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • скелетный (skeletal) - Often used interchangeably in anatomical contexts, but more specific to the skeleton as a whole.
  • костяной (kostyanoj) - Similar but can imply a more material or literal bone-like quality, e.g., in crafts.
• Antonyms:
  • мышечный (muscular) - Refers to muscles, contrasting with bone-related structures.
  • хрящевой (khryashchevoj) - Pertaining to cartilage, which is non-osseous connective tissue.

Related Phrases:

• Костная система (Osseous system) - Refers to the skeletal system in anatomy.
• Костный мозг (Osseous marrow) - Bone marrow, crucial for hematopoiesis.
• Костная ткань (Osseous tissue) - The connective tissue that forms bones.
• Перелом костной структуры (Fracture of the osseous structure) - A common phrase in medical reports.

Usage Notes:

"Костный" directly corresponds to "osseous" in English, primarily in scientific and medical fields. It is a formal term and should be used in professional contexts rather than casual conversation. Always ensure agreement in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies—for example, pair it with feminine nouns like "кость" (bone) as "костная". When choosing between translations like "костный" and "скелетный," opt for "костный" if the focus is on the bone's composition, while "скелетный" is better for overall skeletal frameworks. Be cautious of regional variations in pronunciation across Russian dialects.

Common Errors:

• English learners often misuse case endings, e.g., using "костный" in the genitive case as "костный" instead of "костного." Correct usage: "повреждение костного ткани" should be "повреждение костной ткани" to match the genitive feminine noun.

• Confusing it with "костяной," which implies a more literal or material sense (e.g., "made of bone"). Error example: Saying "костяной перелом" (meaning a fracture made of bone, which is nonsensical) instead of "костный перелом" (an osseous fracture). Explanation: "Костный" is the appropriate adjective for medical contexts.

• Overlooking gender agreement, such as using "костный" with a feminine noun like "кость." Correct: "Костная кость" for precision in descriptions.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and medicine, terms like "костный" are heavily influenced by Soviet-era anatomical studies, which emphasized detailed biological classifications. While not culturally loaded, it reflects the importance of health and physical resilience in Russian literature and folklore, where bones often symbolize strength or endurance, as seen in fairy tales like those by Alexander Pushkin.

Related Concepts:

• скелет (skeleton)
• остеопороз (osteoporosis)
• хрящ (cartilage)
• мышца (muscle)