Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'neurotransmitter'

English Word: neurotransmitter

Key Russian Translations:

• нейротрансмиттер [/nʲɪjrotrənsmʲitɛr/] - [Formal, Technical]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in scientific, medical, and academic contexts; not common in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: C1 (Advanced) - Requires familiarity with technical vocabulary and Russian scientific terminology

Pronunciation (Russian):

нейротрансмиттер: /nʲɪjrotrənsmʲitɛr/ (Note the soft 'н' sound, which is palatalized in Russian pronunciation)

Note on нейротрансмиттер: The stress falls on the third syllable ("trans"). Be cautious with the 'р' sound, which is rolled in Russian. Variations may occur in regional accents.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: A chemical substance that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse.

Translation(s) & Context:

• нейротрансмиттер - Used in formal scientific discussions, such as biology, psychology, or medicine, to describe chemical messengers in the nervous system.

Usage Examples:

• Нейротрансмиттеры, такие как серотонин, играют ключевую роль в регуляции настроения.

  Neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, play a key role in regulating mood.

• В случае дисбаланса нейротрансмиттеров могут возникать психические расстройства.

  In cases of neurotransmitter imbalance, mental disorders may arise.

• Исследования нейротрансмиттеров помогают понять механизмы памяти и обучения.

  Studies of neurotransmitters help understand the mechanisms of memory and learning.

• Некоторые нейротрансмиттеры, например, дофамин, связаны с ощущением удовольствия.

  Some neurotransmitters, for example, dopamine, are linked to the sensation of pleasure.

• Медикаменты часто влияют на уровни нейротрансмиттеров в мозге.

  Medications often affect the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Нейротрансмиттер" is a masculine noun (мужской род) borrowed from English, and it follows standard Russian noun declension patterns for foreign words ending in a consonant. It is inflected based on cases, but its core form remains relatively stable. Below is a table outlining its basic inflections:

Note: The plural form is used when referring to multiple neurotransmitters. This word does not have irregular inflections, making it straightforward for learners once basic declension rules are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • медиатор (mediator) - Often used interchangeably in pharmacological contexts; implies a broader role in signal transmission.
  • нейромедиатор (neuromediator) - A more precise synonym in neuroscience, highlighting mediation in neural processes.
• Antonyms:
  • ингибитор (inhibitor) - Refers to substances that block or reduce neural activity, contrasting with excitatory neurotransmitters.

Related Phrases:

• нейротрансмиттер серотонин - A phrase referring to serotonin as a specific neurotransmitter; used in discussions of mood and mental health.
• выброс нейротрансмиттеров - Means "release of neurotransmitters"; common in contexts describing stress or excitement responses.
• баланс нейротрансмиттеров - Translates to "neurotransmitter balance"; often discussed in psychology for emotional stability.

Usage Notes:

• This term is a direct loanword from English and is primarily used in formal, scientific settings. It corresponds precisely to "neurotransmitter" in English, so no significant nuances are lost in translation.
• Limit usage to technical contexts; in everyday Russian, simpler terms like "сигнальные молекулы" (signaling molecules) might be used for broader audiences.
• When choosing between synonyms like "медиатор" and "нейротрансмиттер", opt for "нейротрансмиттер" in specialized fields for accuracy, as it is more specific to neural transmission.
• Grammatically, ensure correct case agreement; for example, use the genitive form when indicating possession, as in "уровень нейротрансмиттера" (level of neurotransmitter).

Common Errors:

• Error: Mispronouncing the word by stressing the wrong syllable, e.g., saying /nʲɪjROTrənsmʲitɛr/ instead of /nʲɪjroTRənsmʲitɛr/.
  Correct: Focus on the third syllable stress and practice the palatalized 'н'. Example: Incorrect - "нЕЙРОтрансмиттер"; Correct - "нейротрАНСмиттер".
• Error: Using the word in informal contexts where it's inappropriate, such as casual conversation.
  Correct: Reserve it for academic or professional discussions to maintain formality.
• Error: Incorrect inflection, e.g., using the nominative in all cases.
  Correct: Adapt to the sentence structure, like "о нейротрансмиттере" (about the neurotransmitter) in the prepositional case.

Cultural Notes:

While "нейротрансмиттер" is a scientific term without strong cultural connotations in Russian, it reflects Russia's emphasis on neuroscience and psychology in education and research. Terms like this are prominent in discussions influenced by Soviet-era scientific advancements, where brain function and mental health were extensively studied, often linking to broader themes in Russian literature and philosophy, such as in works by thinkers like Ivan Pavlov.

Related Concepts:

• нейрон (neuron)
• сигнал (signal)
• мозг (brain)
• психическое расстройство (mental disorder)