Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'nephritis'

English Word: nephritis

Key Russian Translations:

• нефрит /ˈnɛfrʲɪt/ - [Formal, Medical term; used in professional and clinical contexts]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in specialized medical or scientific discussions, not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Upper Intermediate; Requires familiarity with medical terminology and Russian noun declensions)

Pronunciation (Russian):

нефрит: /ˈnɛfrʲɪt/

Note on нефрит: The 'рʲ' represents a palatalized 'r' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers; it's softer than the English 'r'. Practice with native speakers for accuracy.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Nephritis (Inflammation of the kidneys)

Translation(s) & Context:

• нефрит - Used in medical contexts to describe inflammation of the kidneys, often in formal diagnoses or research; context is typically clinical or academic.

Usage Examples:

• У пациента диагностирован нефрит после лабораторных анализов.

  The patient has been diagnosed with nephritis after laboratory tests.

• Нефрит может быть вызван инфекцией или аутоиммунными расстройствами.

  Nephritis can be caused by infection or autoimmune disorders.

• Лечение нефрита включает антибиотики и контроль артериального давления.

  Treatment for nephritis includes antibiotics and blood pressure management.

• В хронической форме нефрит приводит к повреждению почек.

  In its chronic form, nephritis leads to kidney damage.

• Врачи обсудили симптомы нефрита на медицинской конференции.

  Doctors discussed the symptoms of nephritis at the medical conference.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Нефрит" is a masculine noun of the third declension in Russian. It follows standard patterns for masculine nouns ending in a consonant, with regular inflections based on case and number. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: This noun does not have irregular forms, making it relatively straightforward for learners once basic declension rules are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: пиелонефрит (pyelonephritis, a specific type of kidney inflammation), воспаление почек (inflammation of the kidneys; more descriptive and less technical)
• Explanation: "Пиелонефрит" is a more precise synonym for cases involving the renal pelvis, while "воспаление почек" is used in broader, non-specialized contexts.
• Antonyms: Not directly applicable, as this is a medical condition term; however, concepts like "здоровье почек" (kidney health) could be considered opposites in a thematic sense.

Related Phrases:

• Острый нефрит - Acute nephritis; Refers to a sudden onset of kidney inflammation, often requiring immediate treatment.
• Хронический нефрит - Chronic nephritis; Describes a long-term condition that may lead to progressive kidney damage.
• Нефрит у детей - Nephritis in children; Used in pediatric medical contexts to discuss age-specific symptoms and treatments.

Usage Notes:

"Нефрит" directly corresponds to "nephritis" in English as a medical term for kidney inflammation. It is exclusively used in formal, professional settings such as hospitals, research papers, or medical consultations. English learners should note that Russian medical terminology often borrows from Latin/Greek roots, similar to English, but always ensure proper declension based on sentence structure. For instance, choose this term over more general phrases like "воспаление почек" when precision is needed in clinical discussions. If multiple translations exist, "нефрит" is the most accurate for direct equivalence.

• Always pair it with appropriate context to avoid ambiguity, as Russian medicine emphasizes detailed descriptions.
• In spoken Russian, stress the first syllable (/ˈnɛfrʲɪt/) for natural pronunciation.

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse "нефрит" with "нефроз" (nephrosis, a different kidney condition). For example:

• Error: Using "нефроз" instead of "нефрит" when describing inflammation. Incorrect: "У больного нефроз." (This implies a non-inflammatory condition.)
• Correct: "У больного нефрит." (This accurately denotes inflammation.) Explanation: "Нефроз" refers to degenerative changes, not inflammation, so always verify the specific diagnosis before use.
• Another common mistake is improper declension, e.g., using the nominative form in all cases. Incorrect: "Лечение нефрит" (grammatically wrong). Correct: "Лечение нефрита" (genitive case). This can make sentences sound unnatural to native speakers.

Cultural Notes:

"Нефрит" as a term has no significant cultural or historical connotations beyond its medical usage. However, in Russian healthcare culture, kidney-related issues like nephritis are often discussed in the context of preventive medicine due to high rates of related diseases in the region, influenced by factors such as diet and environmental conditions. This reflects a broader emphasis on holistic health in Russian society.

Related Concepts:

• почки (kidneys)
• воспаление (inflammation)
• пиелонефрит (pyelonephritis)
• гломерулонефрит (glomerulonephritis)