Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'nationalism'

English Word: nationalism

Key Russian Translations:

• национализм /nət͡sɪɐˈnəlʲɪzm/ - [Formal, often used in political or academic contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in political discourse, news, and academic texts, but less frequent in everyday casual conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, as it involves abstract political concepts; learners need familiarity with Russian noun declensions and formal vocabulary)

Pronunciation (Russian):

национализм: /nət͡sɪɐˈnəlʲɪzm/

Note on национализм: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("nəlʲɪzm"), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft 'л' sound. Pay attention to the palatalization in Russian pronunciation.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. The ideology that emphasizes the interests of a particular nation, often involving superiority or independence.

Translation(s) & Context:

• национализм - Typically used in formal discussions about politics, history, or social issues, where it refers to devotion to one's nation.

Usage Examples:

• В современной России национализм проявляется в различных политических движениях.

  In modern Russia, nationalism manifests in various political movements.

• Национализм может привести к конфликтам между странами, если он перерастает в агрессию.

  Nationalism can lead to conflicts between countries if it escalates into aggression.

• Многие историки изучают, как национализм повлиял на события Первой мировой войны.

  Many historians study how nationalism influenced the events of the First World War.

• В повседневной жизни национализм часто выражается через культурные фестивали и традиции.

  In everyday life, nationalism is often expressed through cultural festivals and traditions.

• Критики национализма утверждают, что он подрывает глобальное сотрудничество.

  Critics of nationalism argue that it undermines global cooperation.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Национализм" is a masculine noun of the second declension in Russian. It follows regular patterns for most cases but has no irregularities. Below is a table showing its inflections for singular and plural forms:

Note: This word does not change in gender and is invariable in its stem, making it straightforward for learners once basic declension rules are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • патриотизм (patriotism) - Similar but often implies positive loyalty without the aggressive connotation.
  • шовинизм (chauvinism) - A more extreme form, emphasizing blind nationalism.
• Antonyms:
  • интернационализм (internationalism) - Focuses on global unity rather than national interests.

Related Phrases:

• Русский национализм - Refers to Russian nationalism, often in the context of cultural or political identity.
• Националистические движения - Nationalist movements, used to describe organized groups promoting national agendas.
• Экстремистский национализм - Extremist nationalism, highlighting more radical forms in discussions of politics or security.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "национализм" directly corresponds to the English "nationalism" but is typically reserved for formal or academic contexts. It carries a neutral to negative connotation depending on the sentence, unlike "патриотизм," which is more positive. When choosing between translations, use "национализм" for broader ideological discussions and be mindful of grammar: it must agree in case with surrounding words. For example, in questions or statements about identity, it often appears in the nominative or genitive case. English learners should note that Russian discourse on this topic can be sensitive, so context is key to avoiding misinterpretation.

Common Errors:

• Confusing "национализм" with "патриотизм": English learners might overuse "национализм" when "патриотизм" is more appropriate for positive national pride. Incorrect: "Мой патриотизм — это национализм." (This mixes the terms awkwardly.) Correct: "Мой патриотизм не является национализмом." (My patriotism is not nationalism.) Explanation: "Национализм" implies a stronger, potentially divisive ideology.

• Incorrect declension: Forgetting to change the case, e.g., saying "о национализм" instead of "о национализме" in prepositional contexts. Incorrect: "Мы говорим о национализм." Correct: "Мы говорим о национализме." Explanation: Russian nouns must declinate based on their role in the sentence.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "национализм" is often linked to historical events like the Soviet era or post-Soviet identity crises. It can evoke sensitivities due to Russia's diverse ethnic makeup and past conflicts, such as those in the Caucasus. Understanding this context helps English speakers grasp why the term is frequently debated in media and politics, reflecting broader themes of national unity versus ethnic tensions.

Related Concepts:

• империализм (imperialism)
• федерализм (federalism)
• патриотизм (patriotism)