Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'mould'

English Word: mould

Key Russian Translations:

• форма [ˈformə] - [Formal, used for shaping or molds]
• плесень [ˈplʲesʲɪnʲ] - [Informal, used for fungal growth]
• формовать [fɐrˈmovatʲ] - [Verb, Formal, used for the action of shaping]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in everyday contexts like manufacturing or household discussions)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires basic understanding of noun declensions and verb conjugations for accurate use)

Pronunciation (Russian):

форма: [ˈformə]

плесень: [ˈplʲesʲɪnʲ]

формовать: [fɐrˈmovatʲ]

Note on плесень: The soft sign (ь) at the end affects pronunciation, making the 'n' sound softer; be careful with the palatalization in spoken Russian.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A hollow container used to give shape to something (e.g., a mold for casting).

Translation(s) & Context:

• форма - Used in formal or technical contexts, such as manufacturing or art.

Usage Examples:

• Я использовал форму для изготовления шоколадных фигурок.

  I used the mould to make chocolate figures.

• В фабрике есть специальные формы для литья металла.

  At the factory, there are special moulds for casting metal.

• Форма должна быть чистой, чтобы продукт вышел идеальным.

  The mould needs to be clean for the product to come out perfectly.

• Дизайнеры часто экспериментируют с разными формами в ювелирном деле.

  Designers often experiment with different moulds in jewelry making.

Meaning 2: A furry growth of fungi on food or other surfaces.

Translation(s) & Context:

• плесень - Used in everyday, informal contexts, often related to health or spoilage.

Usage Examples:

• На хлебе появилась плесень, его нельзя есть.

  Mould has appeared on the bread; it's not safe to eat.

• В ванной комнате часто образуется плесень из-за влажности.

  Mould often forms in the bathroom due to humidity.

• Чтобы избежать плесени, нужно проветривать комнату regularly.

  To avoid mould, you need to ventilate the room regularly.

• Плесень на фруктах указывает на то, что они испортились.

  Mould on fruits indicates that they have spoiled.

Meaning 3: To shape or form something (verb form).

Translation(s) & Context:

• формовать - Used in contexts involving creation or molding, often in artistic or industrial settings.

Usage Examples:

• Мастер формовал глину в красивую вазу.

  The craftsman moulded the clay into a beautiful vase.

• В кулинарии важно формовать тесто правильно.

  In cooking, it's important to mould the dough properly.

• Дизайнер формовал металл для нового дизайна.

  The designer moulded the metal for a new design.

• Формовать пластик требует специального оборудования.

  Moulding plastic requires specialized equipment.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For форма (feminine noun):

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	форма	формы
Genitive	формы	форм
Dative	форме	формам
Accusative	форму	формы
Instrumental	формой	формами
Prepositional	форме	формах

For плесень (feminine noun): Follows similar declension patterns as форма, but is less commonly inflected in casual speech.

For формовать (verb, imperfective):

Person	Present Tense	Past Tense
1st Person Singular	формовaю	формовал
2nd Person Singular	формовaeшь	формовал
3rd Person Singular	формовaeт	формовал
1st Person Plural	формовaeм	формовали

This verb is regular and follows standard conjugation patterns.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • форма - шаблон (for mould as a shape)
  • плесень - грибок (for fungal growth, with a more scientific connotation)
  • формовать - лепить (for shaping, implying manual work)
• Antonyms:
  • Для формы: бесформенный (formless)
  • Для плесени: чистота (cleanliness)
  • Для формовать: разрушать (destroy)

Related Phrases:

• Формы для выпечки - Common baking moulds; used in cooking contexts.
• Плесень на стенах - Mould on walls; refers to household maintenance issues.
• Формовать мнение - To shape an opinion; an idiomatic expression for influencing thoughts.

Usage Notes:

The English word 'mould' corresponds closely to Russian 'форма' for physical shaping tools, but 'плесень' is specific to biological growth. Choose 'формовать' when describing an action. Be mindful of context: in formal writing, use precise terms; in casual speech, 'плесень' is straightforward. Grammatically, nouns like 'форма' require correct declension based on case, which can be tricky for beginners.

Common Errors:

• Confusing 'форма' with 'формa' in genitive case: Incorrect: "Я взял формa" (should be "формы" for genitive). Correct: "Я взял формы". This error stems from overlooking Russian case endings.
• Overusing 'плесень' in formal contexts: Incorrect: Using it in scientific reports; Correct: Opt for 'грибковая инфекция' for precision. Explanation: 'плесень' is too informal for professional settings.
• Misconjugating 'формовать': Incorrect: "Я формовал вчера" (if not past tense context); Correct: Ensure tense matches, e.g., "Я формовал вчера" for past. Beginners often mix tenses due to English's simpler system.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'плесень' on food is often associated with rural or historical contexts where preservation was challenging, symbolizing poverty or neglect in literature like Chekhov's works. 'Форма' in manufacturing reflects Russia's industrial heritage, such as in Soviet-era factories, emphasizing precision and collectivism.

Related Concepts:

• Шаблон
• Грибок
• Лепить