Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'morbidity'

English Word: morbidity

Key Russian Translations:

• заболеваемость [zəbɐlʲeˈvajeməsʲtʲ] - [Formal, Medical Context]
• мorbidность [mɐrˈbidnəsʲtʲ] - [Formal, Technical or Pathological Context]

Frequency: Medium (This term is commonly used in medical and epidemiological discussions but less so in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with medical vocabulary and basic Russian grammar, with variations in difficulty based on context—e.g., заболеваемость at B2, morbidность at B2-C1 due to its more specialized use.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

заболеваемость: [zəbɐlʲeˈvajeməsʲtʲ]

Note on заболеваемость: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("vajem"), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft consonants and vowel reductions in spoken Russian. Variations may occur in fast speech.

мorbidность: [mɐrˈbidnəsʲtʲ]

Note on morbidность: This borrowed term retains a more straightforward pronunciation, but the "р" is rolled, which is a common challenge for non-native speakers.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The state of being diseased or unhealthy (e.g., in a pathological sense).

Translation(s) & Context:

• заболеваемость - Used in formal medical or epidemiological contexts to describe the prevalence of disease in a population.
• мorbidность - Applied in technical discussions, often in pathology, to refer to abnormal or diseased states.

Usage Examples:

• Врачи изучают заболеваемость в регионе, чтобы предотвратить эпидемию.

  Doctors are studying morbidity in the region to prevent an epidemic.

• Эта статистика показывает высокий уровень заболеваемости среди детей.

  This statistic shows a high level of morbidity among children.

• Мorbidность пациентов часто зависит от их образа жизни и генетики.

  The morbidity of patients often depends on their lifestyle and genetics.

• Заболеваемость гриппом увеличивается зимой в северных районах.

  Morbidity from the flu increases in winter in northern areas.

Meaning 2: The rate or incidence of disease in a population (e.g., in epidemiology).

Translation(s) & Context:

• заболеваемость - Common in public health reports, emphasizing statistical data.
• мorbidность - Less frequent, used in academic or research settings for broader disease metrics.

Usage Examples:

• Глобальная заболеваемость COVID-19 вызвала беспрецедентные меры карантина.

  Global morbidity of COVID-19 led to unprecedented quarantine measures.

• Исследования фокусируются на снижении заболеваемости в развивающихся странах.

  Research focuses on reducing morbidity in developing countries.

• Мorbidность от хронических болезней растет из-за старения населения.

  Morbidity from chronic diseases is increasing due to population aging.

• Заболеваемость раком можно контролировать через регулярные скрининги.

  Morbidity from cancer can be controlled through regular screenings.

• В отчете указано, что morbidность в сельских районах выше, чем в городах.

  The report states that morbidity in rural areas is higher than in cities.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are feminine nouns in Russian, exhibiting typical noun inflections. заболеваемость is a regular feminine noun (abstract), while morbidность follows borrowed word patterns with less irregularity.

Note: These forms are regular for feminine nouns. morbидность may show less variation in informal use due to its borrowed status.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • болезненность (slight nuance: more about physical unwellness)
  • патогенность (specific to disease-causing agents)
• Antonyms:
  • здоровье (health)
  • иммунитет (immunity; often used in epidemiological contexts)

Related Phrases:

• уровень заболеваемости - Level of morbidity (used in health reports to indicate disease rates).
• повышенная morbidность - Increased morbidity (refers to elevated disease incidence in specific groups).
• борьба с заболеваемостью - Fight against morbidity (common in public health campaigns).

Usage Notes:

заболеваемость directly corresponds to the epidemiological sense of "morbidity" in English, making it the preferred choice for statistical or public health contexts. Use morbidность for more clinical or pathological discussions, as it aligns with technical terminology. Be mindful of formal settings; these words are rarely used in casual conversation. When translating, consider the grammatical gender (feminine) and ensure proper case agreement in sentences. For multiple translations, choose based on context: заболеваемость for rates, morbidность for states.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Confusing заболеваемость with болезнь (disease) and using it interchangeably. Correct: Заболеваемость refers to incidence, not the disease itself. Example: Incorrect - "Заболеваемость - это болезнь" (Morbidity is a disease); Correct - "Заболеваемость измеряет частоту болезней" (Morbidity measures the frequency of diseases).
• Mistake: Forgetting case inflections, e.g., using nominative in all contexts. Correct: Adjust for case, as in "изучение заболеваемости" (genitive for "study of morbidity").
• Mistake: Overusing morbidность in non-technical contexts. Correct: Reserve it for medical texts; use заболеваемость for general epidemiology.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and healthcare systems, terms like заболеваемость are heavily emphasized in public health narratives, especially post-Soviet reforms. They reflect a historical focus on epidemiology due to events like the Chernobyl disaster, where morbidity rates played a key role in national health discussions, highlighting societal resilience and government responses.

Related Concepts:

• эпидемия (epidemic)
• пандемия (pandemic)
• профилактика (prevention)