Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'mood'

English Word: mood

Key Russian Translations:

• настроение [nəsˈtroʲɪnʲe] - [Informal, Everyday use for emotional state]
• наклонение [nəkləˈnʲenʲe] - [Formal, Grammatical context, such as in verb moods]

Frequency: High for 'настроение' (commonly used in daily conversations); Medium for 'наклонение' (more specific to linguistic or educational contexts).

Difficulty: A2 (Basic) for 'настроение' as it's a straightforward noun; B1 (Intermediate) for 'наклонение' due to its grammatical nuances and less frequent everyday use, per CEFR standards.

Pronunciation (Russian):

настроение: [nəsˈtroʲɪnʲe]

Note on настроение: The stress falls on the third syllable ('stro'), which is a common point of difficulty for English speakers due to Russian's variable stress patterns. Pronounce the 'о' as a short 'o' sound.

наклонение: [nəkləˈnʲenʲe]

Note on наклонение: Stress on the fourth syllable ('nen'), and the 'к' is a hard 'k' sound; be mindful of the palatalized 'нʲ' which softens the pronunciation.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Emotional state (referring to a person's feelings or temperament)

Translation(s) & Context:

• настроение - Used in casual, everyday situations to describe someone's emotional condition, such as happiness, sadness, or irritability.

Usage Examples:

• У меня хорошее настроение после отпуска.

  I'm in a good mood after the vacation. (This example shows 'настроение' in a positive context, describing a temporary emotional state.)

• Её настроение испортилось из-за дождя.

  Her mood was ruined by the rain. (Illustrates 'настроение' with a negative shift, common in weather-related conversations.)

• Какое у тебя настроение сегодня?

  What's your mood like today? (Demonstrates interrogative use in informal dialogue.)

• Настроение в команде повысилось после победы.

  The team's mood improved after the win. (Shows 'настроение' in a group or collective context.)

2. Grammatical mood (referring to verb forms like indicative, subjunctive)

Translation(s) & Context:

• наклонение - Used in formal, academic, or linguistic contexts to discuss verb moods in grammar.

Usage Examples:

• В русском языке есть сослагательное наклонение.

  In Russian, there is the subjunctive mood. (This highlights 'наклонение' in a grammatical explanation.)

• Изучите повелительное наклонение в уроке.

  Study the imperative mood in the lesson. (Shows educational context, often in language learning.)

• Наклонение глагола определяет модальность предложения.

  The mood of the verb determines the modality of the sentence. (Illustrates analytical use in linguistic discussions.)

• В этом предложении используется изъявительное наклонение.

  This sentence uses the indicative mood. (Demonstrates specific application in sentence analysis.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'настроение' (a neuter noun, 2nd declension):

It follows standard Russian noun inflections. Note that it is an indeclinable noun in some contexts but typically declines as below:

For 'наклонение' (also a neuter noun, 2nd declension):

It has regular inflections similar to 'настроение' and does not have irregular forms.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • настроение: душевное состояние (dushevnoe sostoianie) - More poetic or formal, emphasizing the soul or inner feelings.
  • наклонение: модус (modus) - Used in highly technical linguistic contexts, often borrowed from Latin.
• Antonyms:
  • настроение: депрессия (depressiya) - Indicates a low or depressed state, contrasting with positive moods.
  • наклонение: No direct antonym, as it's a grammatical term, but could be contrasted with "основное время" (osnovnoe vremya) in verb discussions.

Related Phrases:

• В хорошем настроении - In a good mood; Used to describe a positive emotional state in casual conversations.
• Плохое настроение - Bad mood; Common in expressing irritability or dissatisfaction.
• Изменить наклонение глагола - To change the mood of the verb; A phrase from grammar lessons.

Usage Notes:

'Настроение' directly corresponds to the everyday English 'mood' as an emotional state and is versatile in informal settings, but avoid using it in formal writing without context. 'Наклонение' aligns with the grammatical 'mood' and is restricted to linguistic discussions. When choosing between translations, opt for 'настроение' in psychological or social contexts and 'наклонение' in educational ones. Grammatically, both nouns require case agreement, so pay attention to Russian declensions for accuracy.

Common Errors:

• Mistaking 'настроение' for a verb: English learners often incorrectly use it as 'to mood' something, e.g., wrong: "Я настроение хорошее" (instead of "У меня хорошее настроение"). Correct: Use with prepositions like 'у меня' to indicate possession. Explanation: Russian nouns don't function like English verbs here; always pair with appropriate syntax.
• Confusing inflections: Learners might say "настроение плох" (incorrect accusative form). Correct: "Плохое настроение". Explanation: Adjectives must agree in case, number, and gender with the noun.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'настроение' is often linked to the concept of 'dushevnost' (soulfulness), reflecting how emotions are deeply tied to personal and environmental factors like weather or social interactions. For instance, Russians might attribute sudden mood changes to seasonal shifts, as seen in literature like Chekhov's works, emphasizing the introspective nature of Slavic emotional expression.

Related Concepts:

• Эмоции (emotsii)
• Душа (dusha)
• Глагольные формы (glagolnye formy)