Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'maturation'

English Word: maturation

Key Russian Translations:

• созревание [sɐzrʲɪˈvanʲɪje] - [Formal, used in scientific, biological, or general contexts]
• озревание [ɐzrʲɪˈvanʲɪje] - [Less common, Informal, often specific to ripening in agriculture]

Frequency: Medium (Common in professional and academic contexts, such as biology or psychology, but not in everyday casual conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian noun declensions and contextual usage; for 'созревание', B2; for 'озревание', B1 due to simpler forms)

Pronunciation (Russian):

созревание: [sɐzrʲɪˈvanʲɪje] (Stress on the third syllable; the 'зр' cluster can be challenging for beginners)

озревание: [ɐzrʲɪˈvanʲɪje] (Stress on the third syllable; similar to 'созревание' but with a softer initial vowel)

Note on созревание: The 'рʲ' sound is a palatalized 'r', which is common in Russian but may require practice for English speakers. Variations in regional accents might soften the 'з' sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Biological or natural process of maturing (e.g., growth or ripening)

Translation(s) & Context:

• созревание - Used in scientific discussions, such as the maturation of fruits or cells; formal and precise in academic writing.
• озревание - Applied in agricultural contexts, like the ripening of crops; more informal and context-specific.

Usage Examples:

• Процесс созревания фруктов занимает несколько недель в правильных условиях.

  The process of maturation of fruits takes several weeks under the right conditions.

• В биологии, созревание клеток является ключевым этапом развития организма.

  In biology, the maturation of cells is a key stage in the development of an organism.

• Озревание зерна происходит летом, что влияет на урожай.

  The maturation of grain occurs in the summer, which affects the harvest.

• Специалисты изучают созревание вина, чтобы определить идеальное время для розлива.

  Specialists study the maturation of wine to determine the ideal time for bottling.

• Под влиянием климата озревание овощей ускоряется в южных регионах.

  Under the influence of climate, the maturation of vegetables speeds up in southern regions.

Psychological or emotional development (e.g., personal growth)

Translation(s) & Context:

• созревание - Used metaphorically in psychology or education; formal and abstract.

Usage Examples:

• Эмоциональное созревание подростков часто сопровождается конфликтами с родителями.

  Emotional maturation of teenagers is often accompanied by conflicts with parents.

• Созревание личности требует времени и опыта жизненных трудностей.

  The maturation of personality requires time and experience of life's hardships.

• В психологии, созревание когнитивных способностей происходит в детстве.

  In psychology, the maturation of cognitive abilities occurs in childhood.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'созревание' and 'озревание' are neuter nouns in Russian, following the standard pattern for nouns ending in -ие. They are declined based on case, number, and gender, with no irregularities. Below is a table for 'созревание' as an example:

For 'озревание', the inflections follow the same pattern: e.g., Nominative singular: озревание; Genitive singular: озревания.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • дозревание (similar to 'final ripening', often used interchangeably with 'созревание' in agricultural contexts)
  • зрелость (more about the state of being mature, rather than the process)
• Antonyms:
  • незрелость (immaturity, contrasting with the end state of maturation)
  • недозрелость (underdevelopment or incompleteness)

Related Phrases:

• Процесс созревания - The process of maturation (used in scientific or developmental contexts; refers to gradual development)
• Стимулировать созревание - To stimulate maturation (common in biology or psychology; implies accelerating growth)
• Озревание урожая - Maturation of the harvest (agricultural phrase; highlights seasonal ripening)

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'созревание' directly corresponds to the English 'maturation' in formal contexts like biology or psychology, emphasizing a process over time. It is typically used in written or academic language rather than casual speech. When choosing between 'созревание' and 'озревание', opt for the latter in agricultural settings for a more specific connotation of ripening. Be mindful of declensions based on sentence structure; for example, in prepositional phrases, use the prepositional case (e.g., 'в процессе созревания'). English learners should note that Russian often pairs this word with verbs like 'проходить' (to undergo) to describe ongoing processes.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using 'созревание' without proper declension, e.g., saying "процесс созревание" instead of "процесс созревания" (Genitive case error). Correct: "Процесс созревания является важным." Explanation: Russian nouns must agree in case; this error stems from English's lack of declensions, leading to confusion in prepositional phrases.
• Mistake: Confusing 'созревание' with 'зрелость', e.g., using 'созревание' to mean the state of being mature. Correct: Use 'зрелость' for the state. Explanation: 'Созревание' implies a dynamic process, while 'зрелость' is static; mixing them can alter the sentence's meaning in psychological discussions.
• Mistake: Overusing in informal contexts, e.g., saying "мое созревание" in casual conversation. Correct: In everyday talk, simpler terms like 'рост' (growth) might be better. Explanation: This word sounds overly formal, making speech sound unnatural to native speakers.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, the concept of 'созревание' often extends metaphorically to personal development, influenced by literary works like those of Leo Tolstoy, where emotional maturation is a central theme. It reflects a cultural emphasis on resilience and growth through adversity, as seen in proverbs like "Время лечит" (Time heals), implying that maturation is a natural, inevitable process tied to life's experiences.

Related Concepts:

• развитие (development)
• эволюция (evolution)
• формирование (formation)