Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'molecular'

English Word: molecular

Key Russian Translations:

• молекулярный [məlʲɪkʊˈlʲarnɨj] - [Formal, Scientific]

Frequency: Medium (Common in scientific and academic contexts, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with scientific terminology and Russian adjective declensions)

Pronunciation (Russian):

молекулярный: [məlʲɪkʊˈlʲarnɨj]

Note on молекулярный: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("-ляр-"). Be mindful of the soft "л" sound, which can be challenging for English speakers due to the palatalization in Russian.

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Meanings and Usage:

Meaning: Pertaining to molecules, molecular structures, or processes at the molecular level.

Translation(s) & Context:

• молекулярный - Used in formal scientific, educational, or technical contexts, such as chemistry, biology, or physics, to describe anything related to molecules.

Usage Examples:

• Молекулярная биология изучает структуру и функции молекул в живых организмах.

  Molecular biology studies the structure and functions of molecules in living organisms.

• В молекулярной кухне шеф-повара используют научные методы для преобразования ингредиентов.

  In molecular cuisine, chefs use scientific methods to transform ingredients.

• Молекулярный анализ ДНК помогает в диагностике генетических заболеваний.

  Molecular analysis of DNA helps in diagnosing genetic diseases.

• Исследования в области молекулярной физики раскрывают тайны атомарных взаимодействий.

  Research in molecular physics reveals the secrets of atomic interactions.

• Молекулярный уровень вещества определяет его физические свойства, такие как вязкость и плотность.

  The molecular level of a substance determines its physical properties, such as viscosity and density.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

молекулярный is an adjective in Russian, which means it undergoes declension based on gender, number, and case. It follows the standard pattern for adjectives ending in -ый. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: This adjective does not have irregular forms, making it relatively straightforward for learners once basic declension rules are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • молекулярный - Similar to атомный (atomic), but specifically focused on molecules rather than atoms.
  • микроскопический (microscopic) - Used when emphasizing scale, with a slight nuance toward visibility.
• Antonyms:
  • макроскопический (macroscopic) - Refers to phenomena visible to the naked eye, contrasting with molecular-level details.

Related Phrases:

• Молекулярная структура - Molecular structure; Refers to the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, commonly used in chemistry.
• Молекулярный уровень - Molecular level; Describes analysis or processes at the scale of molecules, often in scientific research.
• Молекулярная биология - Molecular biology; A field studying biological processes at the molecular level.

Usage Notes:

молекулярный directly corresponds to the English "molecular" as an adjective, primarily in scientific contexts. It is formal and should be used in academic, technical, or professional settings rather than casual conversation. When translating, ensure agreement with the noun it modifies (e.g., gender, number, and case in Russian). For English learners, choose молекулярный over other options if the context is strictly molecular rather than atomic. Be cautious with word order; in Russian, adjectives typically precede the noun, as in "молекулярная структура."

Common Errors:

• English learners often misuse the case endings, such as saying "в молекулярный" instead of the correct genitive "в молекулярном" when indicating "in the molecular [context]." Correct usage: Incorrect - "в молекулярный эксперимент"; Correct - "в молекулярном эксперименте" (in the molecular experiment). This error stems from overlooking Russian's declension system.

• Confusing it with "атомный" (atomic); for example, using "атомный" when describing molecular processes. Explanation: "атомный" refers to atoms, not molecules, so always verify the precise scientific term before translation.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian scientific culture, terms like молекулярный are heavily influenced by the Soviet-era emphasis on physics and chemistry. For instance, molecular biology gained prominence during the Cold War in Russian research institutions, contributing to advancements in genetics. This reflects Russia's strong tradition in STEM fields, where such vocabulary is not just technical but also tied to national pride in scientific achievements.

Related Concepts:

• Атомный (Atomic)
• Химический (Chemical)
• Биологический (Biological)