Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'miscarriage'

English Word: miscarriage

Key Russian Translations:

• выкидыш [vɨˈkʲidɨʂ] - [Formal, Medical context]
• провал [prɐˈval] - [Informal, Metaphorical context, e.g., for failed plans]
• неудача [nʲɪˈudətɕə] - [Informal, General failure, often used in everyday speech]

Frequency: Medium - The term is commonly encountered in medical or legal discussions but less so in casual conversation.

Difficulty: B2 - Intermediate level, as it involves specialized vocabulary; for metaphorical uses like "провал", it may vary by context but generally requires understanding of Russian idioms.

Pronunciation (Russian):

выкидыш: [vɨˈkʲidɨʂ]

провал: [prɐˈval]

неудача: [nʲɪˈudətɕə]

Note on выкидыш: The stress is on the second syllable; be mindful of the palatalized 'к' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers. Variations in regional accents may soften the 'ш'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Medical meaning: The spontaneous loss of a fetus before it is viable.

Translation(s) & Context:

• выкидыш - Used in formal medical or healthcare discussions, often in sensitive contexts like obstetrics.

Usage Examples:

• Врач объяснил причины выкидыша и рекомендовал дальнейшие обследования.

  The doctor explained the causes of the miscarriage and recommended further examinations.

• После выкидыша пара решила обратиться к специалисту по репродуктивному здоровью.

  After the miscarriage, the couple decided to consult a reproductive health specialist.

• Выкидыш может быть вызван различными факторами, включая генетические проблемы.

  A miscarriage can be caused by various factors, including genetic issues.

• Медицинские тесты помогли предотвратить риск выкидыша в будущем.

  Medical tests helped prevent the risk of miscarriage in the future.

Metaphorical meaning: A failure or unsuccessful attempt, such as in plans or projects.

Translation(s) & Context:

• провал - Common in informal settings, like business or personal anecdotes, to describe something that didn't succeed.
• неудача - Used more broadly in everyday conversation for general setbacks.

Usage Examples:

• Проект закончился полным провалом из-за нехватки финансирования.

  The project ended in complete failure due to lack of funding.

• Её попытка сдать экзамен закончилась неудачей, но она не сдалась.

  Her attempt to pass the exam ended in failure, but she didn't give up.

• Провал переговоров привел к эскалации конфликта.

  The failure of the negotiations led to an escalation of the conflict.

• Несмотря на неудачу, команда продолжила работу над новым планом.

  Despite the setback, the team continued working on a new plan.

• Эта инвестиция оказалась настоящим провалом для компании.

  This investment turned out to be a real failure for the company.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For выкидыш (a masculine noun), it follows standard Russian declension patterns for nouns ending in a consonant. It is inflected based on case and number:

For провал (a masculine noun), it has similar inflections:

неудача is a feminine noun and follows feminine declension rules, with no irregularities.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • аборт (abort) - More clinical, often for induced cases, with a slight negative connotation.
  • крах (crash) - Used for catastrophic failures, especially in business contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • успех (success) - Direct opposite for metaphorical uses.
  • роды (birth) - For medical contexts, implying a successful outcome.

Related Phrases:

• Спровоцированный выкидыш - Induced miscarriage; used in medical discussions to describe non-spontaneous cases.
• Полный провал - Complete failure; a common expression for total setbacks in projects.
• Избежать неудачи - To avoid failure; often in motivational or planning contexts.

Usage Notes:

Be cautious with "выкидыш" as it is a sensitive term in medical contexts and should be used formally; in English, "miscarriage" directly corresponds, but in Russian, it's less common in casual talk. For metaphorical uses, "провал" or "неудача" are preferred in informal settings. Choose based on context: medical for literal, everyday for figurative. Grammatically, these nouns require correct case agreement with prepositions, e.g., "из-за выкидыша" (because of the miscarriage).

Common Errors:

• Confusing "выкидыш" with "аборт": English learners often misuse "аборт" for any miscarriage, but it specifically means an induced abortion. Correct usage: Use "выкидыш" for spontaneous cases. Error example: "Я имел в виду аборт" (I meant abortion) when discussing a natural miscarriage; Correct: "Я имел в виду выкидыш".
• Overusing in informal speech: Learners might say "провал" in professional emails, which sounds too casual. Error: "Это был провал на встрече"; Correct: "Это была неудача на встрече" for a more neutral tone.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, discussions around "выкидыш" are often handled with great sensitivity due to historical and social stigmas related to women's health. It may evoke emotional or taboo connotations, especially in rural areas, so users should approach conversations with empathy, reflecting broader cultural values of privacy in personal matters.

Related Concepts:

• беременность (pregnancy)
• роды (childbirth)
• аборт (abortion)